NDLI: Least-significant-digit steganography in low bitrate speech

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Jin Liu Ke Zhou Hui Tian
Copyright Year	2012
Description	Author affiliation: School of Computer, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Jin Liu; Ke Zhou) \|\| College of Computer Science and Technology, National Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China (Hui Tian)
Abstract	For steganography over speech frames, least-significant-bit (LSB) approach has been one of the most important alternatives. However, its embedded capacity is quite limited, due to the low redundancy characteristic of low bitrate speech. Thus, we suggest a novel least significant digit (LSD) method in this paper, which makes full use of the frame bits to hide secret messages and provides a larger embedding capacity than the LSB method. The LSD method exploits the multiple adjacent states of frame parameters, which are produced by multiple modifications (e.g. +1, −1, +2, −2) and encoded as LSDs using a multi-ary numeration system. Beyond providing a considerable embedding capacity, the LSD method further extends the key space for key-based steganography, which can enhance the security of covert communication. The LSD method is implemented and evaluated with G.723.1 as the codec for speeches. The experiment results show that, compared with the previous LSB method, the LSD method increases around 30% of embedding capacity, and induces less distortion given the same embedding capacity.
Starting Page	1133
Ending Page	1137
File Size	236084
Page Count	5
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781457720529
ISSN	15503607
e-ISBN	9781457720536
e-ISBN	9781457720512
DOI	10.1109/ICC.2012.6363997
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2012-06-10
Publisher Place	Canada
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Speech Bit rate Equations Security Codecs Speech coding Steganography Information Hiding Least Significant Digit Low Bitrate Speech Multi-ary Numeration
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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