NDLI: Assessment of Blood Coagulation Under Various Flow Conditions With Ultrasound Backscattering

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Chih-Chung Huang Shyh-Hau Wang
Copyright Year	1964
Description	Several in vitro studies have employed ultrasonic techniques to detect varying properties of coagulating blood under static or stirred conditions. Most of those studies mainly addressed on the development and feasibility of modalities and however were not fully considering the effect of blood flow. To better elucidate this issue, ultrasonic backscattering were measured from the coagulating porcine blood circulated in a mock flow loop with various steady laminar flows at mean shear rates from 10 to 100 s^-1. A 3 ml of 0.5 M CaCl₂ solution for inducing blood coagulation was added to that of 30 ml blood circulated in the conduit. For each measurement carried out with a 10-MHz transducer, backscattered signals digitized at 100-MHz sampling frequency were acquired for a total of 20 min at temporal resolution of 50 A-lines per s. The integrated backscatter (IB) was calculated for assessing backscattering properties of coagulating blood. The results show that blood coagulation tended to be increased corresponding to the addition of CaCl₂ solution: the IB was increased approximately 6.1 plusmn 0.6 (mean plusmn standard deviation), 5.4 plusmn 0.9, and 4.5 plusmn 1.2 dB at 310 plusmn 62, 420 plusmn 88, and 610 plusmn 102 s associated with mean shear rates of 10, 40, and 100 s^-1, respectively. The rate of increasing IB for evaluating the growth of clot was estimated to be 0.075 plusmn0.017,0.052 plusmn0.027, and 0.038 plusmn 0.012 DeltadB Deltas^-1 corresponding to the increase of mean shear rates. These results consistently demonstrate that higher shear rate tends to prolong the duration for the flowing blood to be coagulated and to decrease the rate of IB. Moreover, the laminar flow was changed to turbulent flow during that the blood was clotting discerned by spatial variations of ultrasound backscattering in the conduit. All these results validate that ultrasound backscattering is feasible to be utilized for detecting and assessing blood coagulation under dynamic conditions.
Sponsorship	IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
Page Count	8
File Size	2418511
Starting Page	2223
Ending Page	2230
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00189294
Volume Number	54
Issue Number	12
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2007-12-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Coagulation Ultrasonic imaging Backscatter In vitro Blood flow Fluid flow measurement Ultrasonic variables measurement Frequency measurement Transducers Sampling methods shear rate Blood coagulation integrated backscatter (IB)
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biomedical Engineering

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