NDLI: Establishing Causality With Whitened Cross-Correlation Analysis

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	El-Gohary, M. McNames, J.
Copyright Year	1964
Abstract	In many biomedical applications, it is important to determine whether two recorded signals have a causal relationship and, if so, what the nature of that relationship is. Many advanced techniques have been proposed to characterize this relationship, but in practice simple techniques such as cross-correlation analysis are used. Unfortunately, the traditional cross-correlation analysis is influenced by the autocorrelation of the signals as much as it is by the relationship between the signals. Practically, this results in the cross correlation suggesting that the signals are correlated over a broad range of lags. Prewhitening the signals overcomes this limitation and reveals the essentially causal relationship between the signals. This is a simple method that can also easily generalize cross-correlation analysis to nonstationary signals, which are frequently encountered in biomedical applications. This technique has been used in other fields, but remains mostly undiscovered in biomedical research. In the case of a purely causal relationship, we show that whitened cross-correlation analysis is equivalent to directly estimating the all-pass component of the transfer function that relates the signals. We give examples of this type of analysis applied to several biomedical applications to demonstrate some of the new insights and information that can be produced by this type of analysis.
Sponsorship	IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
Page Count	9
File Size	815622
Starting Page	2214
Ending Page	2222
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00189294
Volume Number	54
Issue Number	12
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2007-12-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Signal analysis Transfer functions Information analysis Filters Biomedical signal processing Cardiology Autocorrelation Arterial blood pressure Heart rate Cranial pressure time delay estimation Adaptive filter arterial blood pressure causality analysis cross correlation heart rate intracranial pressure Kalman filter prewhitening prediction error filter
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biomedical Engineering

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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