NDLI: In vivo measurements of ultrasonic backscattering in blood

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Shyh-Hau Wang Shung, K.K.
Copyright Year	1986
Abstract	Ultrasonic backscattering in blood including its dependence on the hematocrit, plasma proteins, shear rate, and flow disturbance, has been studied extensively theoretically and experimentally in vitro. However, much of the result has never been validated in vivo. To do so, backscattering measurements were made on pigs using a 10-MHz non-focused intravascular transducer in direct contact with blood. The probe was placed in either the abdominal aorta or the inferior vena cava. The backscattering coefficient (BSC) of blood flowing in these vessels as well as downstream from a stenosis was measured using an approach that was originally developed for measurements with focused transducers. With this approach, 6% porcine red cell saline suspensions prepared immediately after each in vivo measurement were used as the reference medium. Result from seven pigs at hematocrits ranging from 29 to 36% (31.9/spl plusmn/2.5%) demonstrated that BSC of blood in the vena cava, (4.62/spl plusmn/2.06)/spl times/10/sup -5/ cm-sr/sup -1/, is consistently higher than that in the aorta, (2.65/spl plusmn/1.22)/spl times/10/sup -5/ cm-sr/sup -1/. The difference has been attributed to the lower shear rate and the formation of red cell aggregation in venous blood. These in vivo results are in agreement with those obtained in vitro. In response to stenoses created by ligating the aorta, backscattering of the blood measured downstream from the stenosis showed that the closer the site of measurement relative to the stenosis, the higher the backscatter, presumably resulting from the higher degree of flow disturbance. In vitro backscattering results on porcine whole blood were also acquired at 20 MHz with a Diasonics intravascular scanner.
Page Count	7
File Size	1693973
Starting Page	425
Ending Page	431
File Format	PDF
ISSN	08853010
Volume Number	48
Issue Number	2
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2001-03-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	In vivo Ultrasonic variables measurement Backscatter Blood Plasma measurements In vitro Transducers Fluid flow measurement Proteins Probes
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Acoustics and Ultrasonics Instrumentation Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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