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| Content Provider | frontiers |
|---|---|
| Author | Xia, Yidan Wang, Dongxu Piao, Yuting Chen, Minqi Wang, Duo Jiang, Ziping Liu, Bin |
| Description | The most common bone cancer is osteosarcoma (OS), which mostly affects children and teenagers. Early surgical resection combined with chemotherapy significantly improves the prognosis of patients with OS. Existing chemotherapies have poor efficacy in individuals with distant metastases or inoperable resection, and these patients may respond better to novel immunotherapies. Immune escape, which is mediated by immunosuppressive cells in the tumour microenvironment (TME), is a major cause of poor OS prognosis and a primary target of immunotherapy. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regulatory T cells, and tumour-associated macrophages are the main immunosuppressor cells, which can regulate tumorigenesis and growth on a variety of levels through the interaction in the TME. The proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of OS cells can all be impacted by the expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which can also influence how immunosuppressive cells work and support immune suppression in TME. Interferon, checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, and engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) T cells for OS have all been developed using information from studies on the metabolic properties of immunosuppressive cells in TME and ncRNAs in OS cells. This review summarizes the regulatory effect of ncRNAs on OS cells as well as the metabolic heterogeneity of immunosuppressive cells in the context of OS immunotherapies. |
| Abstract | Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common bone malignancy and primarily affects children and adolescents. Early surgical resection combined with chemotherapy significantly improves the prognosis of patients with OS. In patients with distant metastases or inoperable resection, available chemotherapies have limited efficacy, and these patients may respond better to new immunotherapies. Immune escape, which is mediated by immunosuppressive cells in the tumour microenvironment (TME), is an underlying cause for the poor prognosis of OS and is a key target of immunotherapy The interactions of immunosuppressive cells in the TME have been shown to promote tumour progression at multiple levels, including tumour-associated macrophages, which promote tumour growth and angiogenesis while inhibiting OS metastasis. The differential expression of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in OS cells supports its regulatory role in the development of OS. Studies on the metabolic characteristics of immunosuppressive cells in the TME, and ncRNAs in OS cells, have provided beneficial insights into the research and development of immunotherapies such as interferon, checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, and engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) T cells for OS. This review summarises the characteristics of ncRNAs in OS cells and the metabolic heterogeneity of immunosuppressive cells in the TME. The diverse mechanisms of action in immunotherapy are analysed, and the differences among the four immunotherapies are compared. |
| ISSN | 16643224 |
| DOI | 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025532 |
| Volume Number | 13 |
| Journal | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Language | English |
| Publisher Date | 2022-11-15 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Immunosuppressive cells TME Noncoding RNA Osteosarcoma Metabolic heterogeneity Immunotherapy |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Immunology and Allergy Immunology |
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