NDLI: Threshold Geometrical Dimensions of Stage II Cracks Versus Required Resolution of Crack-Detection Techniques

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Volume 1: Pipeline and Facilities Integrity

Modeling Pipeline Metal Loss Defects at Tool Speed

Failure Assessment of the Gas Pipeline by Considering the Geometric Constraint Effect

Identifying Stress Concentrations on Buried Steel Pipelines Using Large Standoff Magnetometry Technology

Directional Caliper Tool Development

Validate Crack Assessment Models With In-Service and Hydrotest Failures

Non-Contact Geomagnetic Localization of Pipeline Defects Using Empirical Mode Decomposition and Magnetic Gradient Tensor

Evaluation of Corrosion Growth Prediction Methodologies Using Burst Pressure Comparisons From Repeated In-Line Inspections

An Investigation Into the Benefits of Employing Multiple Assessments Methods for High Risk Pipelines

EMAT As a Basis for a Comprehensive System Wide Crack Management Program

Structure Assessment Using Instrumented Indentation: Strength, Toughness and Residual Stress

Operational Experiences With Axial Strain Inline Inspection Tools

Do You Have Wrinkles? A Strain- and Stress-Based Approach for the Assessment of Wrinkles Reported by In-Line Inspection

In-Line Inspection in Lieu of Hydrostatic Testing for Low Frequency Electric Resistance Welded Pipe

Implementation of a New Tool for Pipelines Integrity Evaluation: A Correlation Between Local Strains and Hardness

A Sensitivity Study: Effects of Toughness Values on Fatigue Crack Growth Analysis of Just-Survived Flaws Following a Pressure Test

Exceeding Limitations: Ultrasonic Crack Inspections Become Feasible for Liquid Natural Gases

Breathing New Life to Aging Pipeline Infrastructure Using Unique Wireline Inspection Techniques and Pipe-Lining Technology

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An Analysis Model and its Practical Applications in PG&E Gas Transmission Pipeline Strength Test Projects

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Analysis of the National Energy Board Pipeline Integrity Performance Measures Data

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Development of an Industry Test Facility and Qualification Process for ILI Technology Evaluation and Enhancements: Performance Evaluation Phase

Colonial Scout: A Powerful Web Map Solution Designed As the Data Messenger for Colonial Pipeline Company

Liquid Pipeline Location Specific Cyclic Pressure Determination

Threshold Geometrical Dimensions of Stage II Cracks Versus Required Resolution of Crack-Detection Techniques

Integration of Data From Multiple In-Line Inspection Systems to Improve Crack Detection and Characterization

A More Accurate and Precise Method for Large Metal Loss Corrosion Assessment

An Authoritative Comparison of Remaining Life Assessments for Pipeline Dents

Assessment of Pipeline Spiral Weld Cracks Subjected to Internal Pressure

Development and Experiences of a Circumferential Stress Corrosion Crack Management Program

Differences in Near-Neutral pH Crack Growth Behavior Between Oil Pipelines and Gas Pipelines and Corresponding Crack Growth Mitigation Strategies

High pH Crack Growth Sensitivity to Underload-Type of Pressure Fluctuations

Study on Transition of Stress Corrosion Cracking to Sharp Edge Corrosion for a Liquids Pipeline

Experimental-Numerical Assessment of Vintage Pipe and Girth Weld With a Geometrically Complex Corrosion Feature

Algorithms for the Strain Based Analysis of Dented Pipelines

Evaluation of the Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior by Experiments and Numerical Simulations on Full-Size Pipeline Steels

Some Factors Affecting Initiation of Stress Corrosion Cracking of an X80 Pipe Steel in Near-Neutral pH Environment

Complex Circumferential Stress Corrosion Cracking: Identification, Sizing and Consequences for the Integrity Management Program

Crack Shape Development for Leak-Before-Break Analysis in Pipelines

Implementation of Reliability-Based Criteria for Corrosion Assessment

Study of Safe Dig Pressure Level for Rock Dents in Gas Pipelines

Improving the Accuracy of Traditional Dent Fatigue Analysis: A Method for Quantifying the Initial Damage Caused by Dent Formation

Evaluation of Crack Growth and Material Toughness Effects on Probability of Pipeline Failure

Influence of Mean Load Pressure Fluctuations on Crack Growth Behavior in Steel Pipelines

Fracture Toughness Testing and its Implications to Engineering Fracture Mechanics Analysis of Energy Pipelines

Determining Pipeline Depth of Cover at River Crossings by Data Integration

Buried Pipe Span Ovality Assessment

Effect of Residual Stress or Plastic Deformation History on Fatigue Life Simulation of Pipeline Dents

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Threshold Geometrical Dimensions of Stage II Cracks Versus Required Resolution of Crack-Detection Techniques

Content Provider	The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Digital Collection
Author	Chen, Weixing Zhao, Jiaxi Chevil, Karina Gamboa, Erwin Alvarado, Bersi
Copyright Year	2018
Abstract	Environmental-assisted cracks in pipeline steels usually undergo the following three sequential stages prior to the failure: • Stage 1 – crack initiation and early stage crack growth, in which cracks initiate at imperfections but grow slowly depth-wise with time. Crack length may be seen to increase either because of merging with new small cracks in the vicinity of an existing crack or faster crack growth at the crack tip. Some cracks pose little threat to pipeline steel integrity if they remain dormant. • Stage 2 – Increased crack growth rate where crack growth can be dictated by mechanical driving forces and crack growth rate increases with time. • Stage 3 – The final stage of crack growth where crack growth rate is very high. Typical crack management programs mitigate cracks prior to entering Stage III. It is of great importance that pipeline steels with Stage II cracks are detected, monitored, and managed to ensure operational pipeline integrity. Although a range of crack in-line inspection and detection techniques with varied detection limits are available, it is not clear how their detection limits match the threshold geometrical dimensions of Stage 2-cracks. This investigation is aimed to define critical geometrical dimensions of cracks that are considered to be Stage 2 cracks. The determination of critical geometrical dimensions of Stage 2 cracks was made with a consideration of a wide range of situations including pipeline operating conditions, susceptible environments for crack growth, metallurgical, fabrication and construction conditions of pipeline steels. A comparison of the threshold geometrical dimensions of Stage 2 cracks with the crack detection limits of modern crack inspection and detection techniques are made at the end of the paper.
Sponsorship	Pipeline Division
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9780791851869
DOI	10.1115/IPC2018-78751
Volume Number	Volume 1: Pipeline and Facilities Integrity
Conference Proceedings	2018 12th International Pipeline Conference
Language	English
Publisher Date	2018-09-24
Publisher Place	Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Construction Pipelines Inspection Dimensions Crack detection Fracture (materials) Resolution (optics) Manufacturing Steel Failure Pipeline integrity
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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