NDLI: A Study of Crack Detection Ultrasonic Attributes to Manage Leak Threats Associated With Short Crack-Like Flaws in ERW Pipelines

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Volume 3: Operations, Monitoring and Maintenance; Materials and Joining

Volume 1: Pipelines and Facilities Integrity

Failure Along Spiral Welds in Gas Pipeline

Numerical Simulations of Burst of Corroded Pipes With Thermally Induced Compressive Axial Strain

Formulation and Experimental Validation of a New Erosion Flow Model

Applying Corrosion Growth Rates Derived From Repeat ILI Runs to Predict Future Severity

Effect of Crack Depth on Burst Strength of X70 Linepipe With Dent-Crack Defect

Relative Statistical Calibration of ILI Measurements

Assessment of In-Line Inspection Performance and Interpretation of Field Measurements for Characterization of Complex Dents

Findings From an Investigation of Hydrotest Protocols

Experimental Validation of a Finite-Element Model to Simulate an Impact on Pipeline due to Vehicles or Heavy Object Fall

The Development and Use of an Absolute Depth Size Specification in ILI-Based Crack Integrity Management of Pipelines

New Classification Approach for Dents With Metal Loss and Corrosion Along the Seam Weld

Thermal Response of Gas Pipeline Metal to Gas Decompression

Assessing the Benefits of Hydrotests for Pipelines With SCC History Post-Crack Detection ILI Runs

Probabilistic Assessment of Crack Detection ILI Effectiveness for Managing Stress Corrosion Cracking on Buried Pipelines

Susceptibility of Stress Corrosion Cracking in Liquid and Gas Pipelines: A Saudi Aramco Study Using Statistical Approaches

De Facto Hydrostatic Test Pressures: A Study in Double Stroking

Failure Pressure Ratios and Implied Reliability Levels for Corrosion Anomalies on Gas Transmission Pipelines

Pipeline Operator Perspective in Use of Hydrostatic Testing as an Integrity Management Tool

Material Properties and Flaw Characteristics of Vintage Girth Welds

Corrosion Growth and Remnant Life Assessment: How to Pick the Right Approach for Your Pipeline

Non-Linear Corrosion Growth: A More Appropriate and Accurate Model for Predicting Corrosion Growth Rate

Full-Scale Stress Corrosion Crack Growth Testing of an X70 Spiral-Welded Pipe in Near-Neutral pH Soil Environment

Probability-Based Sentencing Criteria for Volumetric In-Line Inspection Data

A Life-Cycle Approach to the Assessment of Pipeline Dents

The Effects of Pressure Fluctuations on Hydrogen Embrittlement in Pipeline Steels

Improvement of Pipeline Fatigue Life Estimation

Evaluation of Fatigue in Gas Pipelines

Development and Implementation of a Risk Based Prioritization Methodology for MAOP Reconfirmation of Gas Transmission Facilities

Development of Key Performance Indicator for Management of Under Deposit Corrosion (UDC)

Integrity of Buried Gas Pipeline Subjected to an Adjacent Pipe Rupture Event

Analysis of Pressure Test Failure Performance for Vintage Pipe

ILI-to-Field Data Comparisons: What Accuracy Can You Expect?

ILI to ILI Comparisons: Quantifying the Impact of Multiple Inspections

Study of a Plastic Strain Limit Damage Criterion for Pipeline Mechanical Damage Using FEA and Full-Scale Denting Tests

Girth Welds Integrity Evaluation on a Vintage Gas Pipeline

Making Integrity Decisions Using Metal Loss ILI Validation Process

A Study of Crack Interaction Criteria

Review of Engineering Fracture Mechanics Model for Pipeline Applications

Estimating J-R Curve From CVN Upper Shelf Energy and its Application

Integrity Assessment of Post-Peak-Moment Wrinkles

Finite Element Modeling and Quantification of Mechanical Damage Severity in Pipelines

A Review of Rules and Analysis Models for Interaction of LF-ERW Manufacturing Linear Features in Pipelines

Determining the Number of Excavations Required to Confirm the Presence or Absence of SCC on a Pipeline Following an SCCDA Process

Risk-Based Mitigation of Mechanical Damage

Reinforcement of Planar Defects in Low-Frequency ERW Long Seams Using Composite Reinforcing Materials

Full-Scale Elevated Temperature Testing of Composite Repairs in Bending and Compression

Finite Element Analysis of Composite Repairs With Full-Scale Validation Testing

Mitigation of Infilling Around Pipelines With Cyclic Lateral Deflections

Pipeline Failures Resulting From Interacting Integrity Threats

Restored Crossings: When and Where to Apply Stream Restoration Techniques to Protect Exposed Pipelines

Finite Element Analysis and Test Verification of Composite Repair Length on Corrosion Defects

Application of Load Sequence to Control Crack Growth in Steel Pipelines Under Near Neutral pH SCC

Identifying and Sizing Axial Seam Weld Flaws in ERW Pipe Seams and SCC in the Pipe Body Using Ultrasonic Imaging

Measuring Critical Strains in Dent Defect of Oil and Gas Pipes

Hydrotesting and In-Line Inspection: Now and in the Future

Circumferential Crack Detection: Challenges, Solutions, and Results

Methodology for Comparing Field Applied Liquid Epoxy and Hot Bituminous Tape Coating Repairs Using Inline Inspection Data

A Different Approach to High Resolution CP Evaluation

Detection of Crack-Related Features Within Dented Pipe Using Electromagnetic Acoustic Transduction (EMAT) Technology

Optimized Methods of Recording Pipeline Pressure Fluctuations for Pipeline Integrity Analysis

Pipeline Strain and Vibration Monitoring by Smart Materials

Pipeline In-Line Inspection Enhancement Opportunities

Development of a Magnetic Eddy Current In-Line Inspection Tool

Continuous Depth Sizing of ILI Ultrasonic Crack Detection

Graded EMAT Performance Specification Validated in Blind Test

Shear-Wave Ultrasonic Crack Inspection Tool Performance for Cracks Associated With Metal Loss

Detection of Crack Initiation Based on Repeat In-Line Inspection

Improved Pipeline Integrity Management by Using Multiple ILI Technologies

Identification of Repair Coatings on Pipelines Using In-Line Inspection Technologies

Case Study on Management of a Pipeline Exhibiting Challenging Crack ILI Performance

A Finite Element Procedure to Model the Effect of Hydrostatic Testing on Subsequent Fatigue Crack Growth

Hydrostatic Pressure Testing as Part of an Integrity Management Program: A Case Study

A Study of Crack Detection Ultrasonic Attributes to Manage Leak Threats Associated With Short Crack-Like Flaws in ERW Pipelines

Casing and Inserted Pipe Inspection Program on the San Francisco Peninsula Using Robotic ILI

The Benefits of Accurate ILI Performance on Pipeline Integrity Programs for Axial Crack and Metal Loss Corrosion Threats

Update of Understanding of Near-Neutral pH SCC Crack Growth Mechanisms and Development of Pipe-Online Software for Pipeline Integrity Management

The Use of Hydrotesting and EMAT Inline Inspection Technology for the Integrity Management of Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) in Gas Pipelines

Evaluating Pipeline Ovality Acceptability Criteria for Straight Pipe Sections

Development of the UKOPA Strategy for the Management of Ageing Pipelines

Experimental and Numerical Investigation Into the Behavior of Buried Steel Pipelines Under Strike-Slip Fault Movement

Review of Phase II for the Comprehensive Study to Understand Longitudinal ERW Seam Failures

Development Towards a Novel Approach for Assessment of Corroded Pipe

Full-Bore Pipeline Rupture as ‘Transient Fanno’ Flow

Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) Integrity Management Plans for Onshore Liquid and Gas Pipelines: Saudi Aramco Comprehensive Study

What Do Pipelines and Airplanes Have in Common?

Evaluating Dents With Metal Loss Using Finite Element Analysis

Integrity Management of Ground Movement Hazards

Improved Pipeline Dent Integrity Management

Longitudinal Stress Limits in Managing Spans and Other Longitudinal Loads

Advanced Integrity Management Framework for Pipelines

Retarding Crack Growth by Static Pressure Hold for Pipeline Steel Exposed to a Near-Neutral pH Environment

AIV and FIV in Pipelines, Plants, and Facilities

Rational Stress Limits and Load Factors for Finite Element Analyses in Pipeline Applications: Part III — Elastic-Plastic Load Factor Development

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A Study of Crack Detection Ultrasonic Attributes to Manage Leak Threats Associated With Short Crack-Like Flaws in ERW Pipelines

Content Provider	The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Digital Collection
Author	Korol, Kaitlyn Hubert, Yvan Fredine, Gordon Senf, Petra Koon, Sherry-Ann Koon
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	Inline Inspection (ILI) tools along with hydrostatic testing have been the primary identification and mitigation techniques for cracking threats on liquids pipelines. Each technique faces detection challenges in relation with the weld type, geometry, and feature types, sizes and orientations. Low frequency electric resistance welds (LF ERWs) are subject to a number of crack-like defects due to the ERW manufacturing process. These defects may include fatigue cracks, lack of fusion, burned metal defects, stitched welds, cold welds, cracks in hard HAZ, surface breaking hook cracks near the weld and selective seam corrosion [1]. Within a population of features in a pipeline, a subpopulation can exist of short, deep defects (>50% wt) that may be undersized by the ILI tool or not detected by a hydrostatic test due to the length of the flaw. For ILI tools, a length detection threshold is set based on the tool speed (which is dictated by the tool type and configuration). A feature may be undersized by the ILI tool if its length is below this tool threshold. For hydrostatic testing, through-wall flaws may be undetected if the flaw length is below the critical length for a significant leak. Through detailed ILI data analysis, Enbridge along with PII Pipeline Solutions has been able to consistently identify short and deep crack-related defects on LF ERW pipe through means other than feature dimensions provided by the ILI tool. In-ditch non-destructive examination and destructive laboratory testing has confirmed these features are critical and fall below current ILI tool’s detection thresholds. This paper discusses unique ILI data attributes that may identify a more severe feature than would conventional ILI sizing practices, and how the identification and selection procedure is being applied across Enbridge’s pipeline system. This analysis effort aligns with Enbridge’s goal to continuously improve its integrity management processes and further enhance the safety of its pipelines.
Sponsorship	Pipeline Division
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9780791850251
DOI	10.1115/IPC2016-64583
Volume Number	Volume 1: Pipelines and Facilities Integrity
Conference Proceedings	2016 11th International Pipeline Conference
Language	English
Publisher Date	2016-09-26
Publisher Place	Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Leakage Cracking (materials) Pipelines Metals Ditches Electrical resistance Inspection Dimensions Crack detection Fracture (materials) Geometry Welded joints Fracture (process) Nondestructive evaluation Corrosion Pipeline systems Hydrostatic testing Manufacturing Safety Pipes Fatigue cracks Testing
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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