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| Content Provider | ACM Digital Library |
|---|---|
| Author | Cho, Young H. Srivastava, Mani B. Schmid, Thomas Charbiwala, Zainul Friedman, Jonathan |
| Abstract | Time keeping and synchronization are important services for networked and embedded systems. High quality timing information allows embedded network nodes to provide accurate time-stamping, fast localization, efficient duty cycling schedules, and other basic but essential functions - all of which are required for low power operation. In this paper we present a new type of local clock source called Crystal Compensated Crystal based Timer (XCXT) and a number of novel algorithms that effectively utilize it to achieve low power consumption in wireless sensor networks. The XCXT has timing accuracies similar to timers based on temperature compensated crystal oscillators (TCXO) but has a lower implementation cost and requires less power. Our initial 8MHz prototype unit, using the simplest algorithm, achieves an effective frequency stability of ±1.2ppm and consumes only 1.27mW. On the other hand, commercially available TCXOs with similar stability can cost over 10 times as much and consume over 20mW. In addition to the prototype, we will present algorithms that will improve the XCXT's power consumption by at least 48%, depending on application and environmental conditions. We will also show how XCXT's power efficiency can be improved even further by employing clocks at different frequency when different time granularities are required by an application. |
| Starting Page | 75 |
| Ending Page | 80 |
| Page Count | 6 |
| File Format | |
| ISBN | 9781605581095 |
| DOI | 10.1145/1393921.1393943 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) |
| Publisher Date | 2008-08-11 |
| Publisher Place | New York |
| Access Restriction | Subscribed |
| Subject Keyword | Low-power clocks Emulation Oscillator Time synchronization Clocks |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
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