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Incretin and glucagon levels in adult offspring exposed to maternal diabetes in pregnancy.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Damm, Peter Holst, Jens J. Mathiesen, Elisabeth R. Hansen, Torben Clausen, Tine D. Kelstrup, Louise
Description	Country affiliation: Denmark Author Affiliation: Kelstrup L ( Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes (L.K., T.D.C., E.R.M., P.D.) and Departments of Obstetrics (L.K., P.D.) and Endocrinology (E.R.M.), Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark)
Abstract	CONTEXT: Fetal exposure to maternal diabetes is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) later in life. The pathogenesis of T2DM involves dysfunction of the incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), as well as hyperglucagonemia. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate circulating plasma levels of GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in adult offspring of women with diabetes in pregnancy. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: We conducted a follow-up study of 567 offspring, aged 18-27 years. We included two groups exposed to maternal diabetes in utero: offspring of women with diet-treated gestational diabetes mellitus (O-GDM; n = 163) or type 1 diabetes (O-T1DM; n = 146). Two reference groups were included: offspring of women with risk factors for GDM, but normoglycemia during pregnancy (O-NoGDM; n = 133) and offspring from the background population (O-BP; n = 125). The subjects underwent a 75-g OGTT with venous samples at 0, 30, and 120 minutes. RESULTS: Fasting plasma levels of GLP-1 were lower in the two diabetes-exposed groups compared to O-BP (O-GDM, P = .040; O-T1DM, P = .008). Increasing maternal blood glucose during OGTT in pregnancy was associated with reduced postprandial suppression of glucagon in the offspring. Lower levels of GLP-1 and higher levels of glucagon during the OGTT were present in offspring characterized by overweight or prediabetes/T2DM at follow-up, irrespective of exposure status. CONCLUSION: Lower levels of fasting GLP-1 and impaired glucagon suppression in adult offspring exposed to maternal diabetes during pregnancy are diabetogenic traits that may contribute to glucose intolerance in these persons, but further investigations are needed.
ISSN	0021972X
e-ISSN	19457197
Journal	The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Issue Number	5
Volume Number	100
Language	English
Publisher	Oxford University Press
Publisher Date	2015-05-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 Blood Diabetes, Gestational Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Glucagon Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects Adolescent Adult Children Glucose Tolerance Test Pregnancy Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Discipline Endocrinology Discipline Metabolism
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biochemistry (medical) Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Biochemistry Biochemistry Endocrinology

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