NDLI: Spatial distribution of pollutant emissions from crop residue burning in the Punjab and Sindh provinces of Pakistan: uncertainties and challenges

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Spatial distribution of pollutant emissions from crop residue burning in the Punjab and Sindh provinces of Pakistan: uncertainties and challenges

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Spatial distribution of pollutant emissions from crop residue burning in the Punjab and Sindh provinces of Pakistan: uncertainties and challenges

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Riaz, Muhammad Irfan, Muhammad Arif, Muhammad Saleem Shahzad, Sher Muhammad Abbas, Farhat Van Den Berg, Leon Akhtar, Muhammad Javed Hussain, Sabir
Spatial Coverage	Pakistan
Description	Country affiliation: Pakistan Author Affiliation: Irfan M ( Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.); Riaz M ( Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.); Arif MS ( Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan. msarif@outlook.com.); Shahzad SM ( Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.); Hussain S ( Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.); Akhtar MJ ( Institute of Soil and Environmental Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.); van den Berg L ( Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.); Abbas F ( B-WARE Research Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.)
Abstract	Emissions of gaseous and particulate pollutants from burning of wheat straw, rice straw, cotton straw, and bagasse were studied for the two agricultural-activity-dominated provinces of Pakistan: the Punjab and Sindh. Emission estimates, inventory, and allocation maps indicated distinct patterns of pollutant emissions in the two provinces. Comparative pollutant emission analysis revealed that the Punjab province produced higher pollutants from agricultural biomass burning than Sindh province. Total emissions from these two provinces were estimated to be 16,084.04 Gg (16.08 Tg) for the year 2006/2007. Wheat straw was found to be the dominant source of CO, $CO_{2},$ $SO_{2},$ $NO_{x},$ and EC emissions in the both provinces. However, for the emissions of CH4, NH3, EC, and OC, the Punjab and Sindh provinces differed markedly for the crop residue share in these pollutant emissions. Rice straw was found to be the largest contributor of $CH_{4}$ (51 %) and $NH_{3}$ (65 %) in Sindh province. When total emissions from biomass burning were considered at provincial level, wheat straw and bagasse were the major crop residues which accounted for 72 and 14 % of pollutant emissions, respectively, in the Punjab province, whereas, in Sindh province, the order of crop residue contribution in total emission was as follows: wheat (59 %) > bagasse (19 %) > rice (14 %) > cotton (7 %). Emission inventory data of total pollutants per unit area under cultivation $(Mg ha^{–1})$ revealed that Sindh province produced higher emissions per hectare for wheat straw, rice straw, and bagasse than the Punjab province.
ISSN	09441344
Issue Number	21
Volume Number	22
e-ISSN	16147499
Journal	Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Language	English
Publisher	Springer
Publisher Date	2015-11-01
Publisher Place	Germany
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Air Pollutants Analysis Crops, Agricultural Chemistry Environmental Monitoring Gases Spatial Analysis Uncertainty Biomass Pakistan Journal Article Discipline Environmental Science Discipline Environmental Chemistry
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Pollution Medicine

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