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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Sandberg, Mats Tranberg, Mattias Blomstrand, Fredrik Weber, Stephen G. Stridh, Malin H. |
| Description | Author Affiliation: Stridh MH ( Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.) |
| Abstract | Omission of extracellular Ca(2+) for 15 min from the incubation medium of cultured hippocampal slices stimulated the efflux of glutathione, phosphoethanolamine, hypotaurine, and taurine. The efflux was reduced by several blockers of gap junctions, i.e. carbenoxolone, flufenamic acid, and endothelin-1, and by the connexin43 hemichannel blocking peptide Gap26 but was unchanged by the P2X(7) receptor inhibitor oxidized ATP, a pannexin1 hemichannel blocking peptide and an inactive analogue of carbenoxolone. Pretreatment of the slices with the neurotoxin N-methyl-d -aspartate left the efflux by Ca(2+) omission unchanged, indicating that the stimulated efflux primarily originated from glia. Elevated glutamate efflux was detected when Ca(2+) omission was combined with the glutamate uptake blocker l-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate and when both Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) were omitted from the medium. Omission of Ca(2+) for 15 min alone did not induce delayed toxicity, but in combination with blocked glutamate uptake, significant cell death was observed 24 h later. Our results indicate that omission of extracellular Ca(2+) stimulates efflux of glutathione and specific amino acids including glutamate via opening of glial hemichannels. This type of efflux may have protective functions via glutathione efflux but can aggravate toxicity in situations when glutamate reuptake is impaired, such as following a stroke. |
| ISSN | 00219258 |
| e-ISSN | 1083351X |
| Journal | Journal of Biological Chemistry |
| Issue Number | 16 |
| Volume Number | 283 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (United States) |
| Publisher Date | 2008-04-18 |
| Publisher Place | United States |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Amino Acids Metabolism Calcium Connexins Glutathione Hippocampus Animals Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Gap Junctions Glutamates Mitochondria Models, Biological Peptides Chemistry Rats, Sprague-Dawley Time Factors Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Biochemistry Molecular Biology |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Cell Biology Biochemistry Molecular Biology |
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