NDLI: Amyloid Formation from an α-Helix Peptide Bundle Is Seeded by $3_{10}-Helix$ Aggregates

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Amyloid Formation from an α-Helix Peptide Bundle Is Seeded by $3_{10}-Helix$ Aggregates

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Fairlie, David P. Hoang, Huy N. Mcdowall, Alasdair W. Bottomley, Stephen P. Sharpe, Philip C. Singh, Yogendra Lucke, Andrew J.
Description	Author Affiliation: Singh Y ( Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.)
Abstract	Transformation of proteins and peptides to fibrillar aggregates rich in β sheets underlies many diseases, but mechanistic details of these structural transitions are poorly understood. To simulate aggregation, four equivalents of a water-soluble, α-helical (65 %) amphipathic peptide (AEQLLQEAEQLLQEL) were assembled in parallel on an oxazole-containing macrocyclic scaffold. The resulting 4α-helix bundle is monomeric and even more α helical (85 %), but it is also unstable at pH 4 and undergoes concentration-dependent conversion to β-sheet aggregates and amyloid fibrils. Fibrils twist and grow with time, remaining flexible like rope (>1 μm long, 5–50 nm wide) with multiple strings (2 nm), before ageing to matted fibers. At pH 7 the fibrils revert back to soluble monomeric 4α-helix bundles. During α→β folding we were able to detect soluble $3_{10}$ helices in solution by using 2D-NMR, CD and FTIR spectroscopy. This intermediate satisfies the need for peptide elongation, from the compressed α helix to the fully extended β strand/sheet, and is driven here by $3_{10}-helix$ aggregation triggered in this case by template-promoted helical bundling and by hydrogen-bonding glutamic acid side chains. A mechanism involving $α⇌α_{4}⇌(3_{10})_{4}⇌(3_{10})_{n}⇌(β)_{n}⇋m(β)_{n}$ equilibria is plausible for this peptide and also for peptides lacking hydrogen-bonding side chains, with unfavourable equilibria slowing the α→β conversion.
ISSN	09476539
e-ISSN	15213765
Journal	Chemistry - A European Journal
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	17
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley-VCH;ChemPubSoc Europe
Publisher Date	2011-01-03
Publisher Place	Germany
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Amyloid Chemistry Oligopeptides Chemical Synthesis Amino Acid Sequence Metabolism Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Models, Molecular Molecular Structure Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular Oxazoles Protein Structure, Tertiary Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Organic Chemistry Catalysis

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