NDLI: A light-activated GTPase in vertebrate photoreceptors: regulation of light-activated cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase.

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A light-activated GTPase in vertebrate photoreceptors: regulation of light-activated cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase.

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A light-activated GTPase in vertebrate photoreceptors: regulation of light-activated cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Wheeler, G. L. Bitensky, M. W.
Abstract	We have been studying the mechanism by which light and nucleoside triphosphates activate the discmembrane phosphodiesterase (oligonucleate 5'-nucleotidohydrolase; EC 3.1.4.1) in frog rod outer segments. GTP is orders of magnitude more effective than ATP as a cofactor in the light-dependent activation step. GTP and the analogue guanylyl-imidodiphosphate function equally as allosteric activators of photoreceptor phosphodiesterase rather than participating in the formation of a phosphorylated activator. Moreover, we have found a light-activated (5-fold) GTPase which participates in the modulation of photoreceptor phosphodiesterase. This GTPase activity appears necessary for the reversal of phosphodiesterase activation in vitro and may play a critical role in the in vivo regulation of light-sensitive phosphodiesterase. The K(m) for GTP in the light-activated GTPase reaction is <1 muM. The light sensitivity of this GTPase (number of photons required for half-maximal activation) is identical to that of light-activated phosphodiesterase. The GTPase action spectrum corresponds to the absorption spectrum of rhodopsin. There is, in addition, a light-insensitive GTPase activity with a K(m) for GTP of 90 muM. At GTP concentrations above 5 muM, there is no appreciable activation of GTPase activity by light. The substrate K(m) values for guanylate cyclase, light-activated GTPase, and light-activated phosphodiesterase order an enzyme array that might permit light to simultaneously cause the hydrolysis of both the substrate and product of guanylate cyclase. These findings reveal yet another facet of light regulation of photoreceptor/cyclic GMP levels and also provide a striking analogy to the GTP regulation of nonphotoreceptor, hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase.
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	10
Volume Number	74
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	1977-01-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases Metabolism GTP Phosphohydrolases Physiology Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Photoreceptor Cells Enzymology Radiation Effects Adenosine Triphosphate Pharmacology Animals Anura Enzyme Activation Drug Effects Guanosine Triphosphate In Vitro Techniques Kinetics Rana Catesbeiana Multidisciplinary
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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