NDLI: X gene-related sequences in the core gene of duck and heron hepatitis B viruses.

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X gene-related sequences in the core gene of duck and heron hepatitis B viruses.

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X gene-related sequences in the core gene of duck and heron hepatitis B viruses.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Feitelson, M. A. Miller, R. H.
Description	Author Affiliation: Feitelson MA ( Division of Population Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111.);
Abstract	The genomes of all known mammalian hepadnaviruses contain an open reading frame (ORF), designated X, located just upstream from the gene encoding the major viral nucleocapsid polypeptide. This gene is believed to have one or more roles central to the life cycle of these viruses. Consequently, it is surprising that avian hepadnaviruses appear to lack this ORF. However, the observation that the size and position of the core gene in the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) genome and the heron hepatitis B virus (HHBV) genome is comparable to the combined X and core genes of the mammalian hepadnaviruses suggests that X function(s) may be performed by the major nucleocapsid polypeptide of DHBV and HHBV. Computer-assisted analyses were carried out to test the hypothesis that the primary and secondary structural characteristics of the X gene product are also present in the major core gene product of the duck (DHBcAg) and heron (HHBcAg) viruses. Primary sequence comparison of the major core-associated polypeptides encoded by the avian and mammalian hepadnaviruses demonstrates considerable homology at both the amino- and carboxyl-terminal regions of these components. However, the middle portion of the DHBcAg and HHBcAg polypeptide, spanning about half the molecule, is unique. Comparison of this region with the carboxyl-terminal half of the X gene sequences from mammalian hepadnaviruses demonstrates similarities in both primary sequence and secondary structural characteristics. These results suggest that X-like gene product sequences are present in the core gene products of DHBV and HHBV. In addition, a sequence of about two dozen residues at the amino terminus of the mammalian X gene product, overlapping the polymerase gene product, is found in the corresponding position in DHBV. This is consistent with the conclusion that the relationship between the DHBV and HHBV core genes compared to the X and core genes of the mammalian hepadnaviruses may be explained by one or more translocations in the this region of the viral genome. The previous finding of X antigen determinants associated with one or more core-related polypeptides in the mammalian hepadnaviruses, combined with the results of this study, suggests that X gene product function is conserved among these viruses.
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	16
Volume Number	85
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	1988-10-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Genes, Viral Hepatitis Viruses Genetics Viral Proteins Amino Acid Sequence Animals DNA, Viral DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase Gene Expression Regulation Hepatitis B Core Antigens Recombination, Genetic Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Multidisciplinary
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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