NDLI: Reconstruction of human evolution: bringing together genetic, archaeological, and linguistic data.

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Specificity of action of guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein subunits on the cardiac muscarinic K+ channel.

Biosynthesis of catalytically active rat testosterone 5 alpha-reductase in microinjected Xenopus oocytes: evidence for tissue-specific differences in translatable mRNA.

Interferon-induced transcription of a major histocompatibility class I gene accompanies binding of inducible nuclear factors to the interferon consensus sequence.

Characterization of human tracheal epithelial cells transformed by an origin-defective simian virus 40.

Angiogenin activates endothelial cell phospholipase C.

Mechanism of inhibitory effect of dextran sulfate and heparin on replication of human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.

Epitope mapping of human factor VIII inhibitor antibodies by deletion analysis of factor VIII fragments expressed in Escherichia coli.

Laminar-specific distribution and infrastructural detail of amyloid in the Alzheimer disease cortex visualized by computer-enhanced imaging of epitopes recognized by monoclonal antibodies.

Activation of protein kinase C differentially modulates neuronal Na+, Ca2+, and gamma-aminobutyrate type A channels.

A simple 'neural induction' model with two interacting cleavage-arrested ascidian blastomeres.

Properties of a copper-containing cytochrome ba3: a second terminal oxidase from the extreme thermophile Thermus thermophilus.

Primary structure of cotranscribed genes encoding the Rieske Fe-S and cytochrome f proteins of the cyanobacterium Nostoc PCC 7906.

Effects of ras-encoded proteins and platelet-derived growth factor on inositol phospholipid turnover in NRK cells.

Activation of the polyomavirus enhancer by a murine activator protein 1 (AP1) homolog and two contiguous proteins.

A knotted free minicircle in kinetoplast DNA.

Bovine papilloma virus-transformed cells contain multiple E2 proteins.

A milk protein gene promoter directs the expression of human tissue plasminogen activator cDNA to the mammary gland in transgenic mice.

Colony-stimulating factor 1-mediated regulation of a chimeric c-fms/v-fms receptor containing the v-fms-encoded tyrosine kinase domain.

Deprotonation of lipid-depleted bacteriorhodopsin.

Allelic sequence variation of the HLA-DQ loci: relationship to serology and to insulin-dependent diabetes susceptibility.

Recognition and cleavage site of the intron-encoded omega transposase.

Tn10 transposition promotes RecA-dependent induction of a lambda prophage.

cAMP antagonizes interleukin 2-promoted T-cell cycle progression at a discrete point in early G1.

p21ras-induced responsiveness of phosphatidylinositol turnover to bradykinin is a receptor number effect.

Structure of the coding sequence and primary amino acid sequence of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase.

Cloning, nucleotide sequence, and potential regulatory elements of the glutamine synthetase gene from murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Alternative splicing generates messages encoding rat c-erbA proteins that do not bind thyroid hormone.

Characterization of the gene for the a subunit of human factor XIII (plasma transglutaminase), a blood coagulation factor.

Specific dephosphorylation of phosphoproteins by protein-serine and -tyrosine kinases.

Parathyroid hormone modulates transforming growth factor beta activity and binding in osteoblast-enriched cell cultures from fetal rat parietal bone.

Cell contacts are required for induction by cortisol of glutamine synthetase gene transcription in the retina.

Comparative mapping of DNA markers from the familial Alzheimer disease and Down syndrome regions of human chromosome 21 to mouse chromosomes 16 and 17.

Interleukin 4 induces membrane Thy-1 expression on normal murine B cells.

CD3-associated heterodimeric polypeptides on suppressor hybridomas define biologically active inhibitory cells.

Molecular characterization of T-cell antigen receptor expression by subsets of CD4- CD8- murine thymocytes.

Reexpression of a developmentally regulated antigen in Down syndrome and Alzheimer disease.

Formation of stable transcription complexes as assayed by analysis of individual templates.

Structure of the carboxyl terminus of the RAS gene-encoded P21 proteins.

Protein engineering of antibody binding sites: recovery of specific activity in an anti-digoxin single-chain Fv analogue produced in Escherichia coli.

Autocrine growth induced by the insulin-related factor in the insulin-independent teratoma cell line 1246-3A.

The role of lipids in Plasmodium falciparum invasion of erythrocytes: a coordinated biochemical and microscopic analysis.

Host function of MAK16: G1 arrest by a mak16 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Physical mapping of large DNA by chromosome fragmentation.

Essential fatty acid deficiency prevents multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes in CD-1 mice.

Stable expression of rat cytochrome P-450IIB1 cDNA in Chinese hamster cells (V79) and metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1.

Sensitive homologous recombination strand-transfer assay: partial purification of a Drosophila melanogaster enzyme and detection of sequence effects on the strand-transfer activity of RecA protein.

Platelet cytosolic 44-kDa protein is a substrate of cholera toxin-induced ADP-ribosylation and is not recognized by antisera against the alpha subunit of the stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein.

Specific binding of murine leukemia inhibitory factor to normal and leukemic monocytic cells.

Rapid induction of IgM-secreting murine plasmacytomas by pristane and an immunoglobulin heavy-chain promoter/enhancer-driven c-myc/v-Ha-ras retrovirus.

Autocrine secretion of tumor necrosis factor under the influence of interferon-gamma amplifies HLA-DR gene induction in human monocytes.

Importance of monoamine oxidase A in the bioactivation of neurotoxic analogs of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine.

Phosphorylation of Alzheimer disease amyloid precursor peptide by protein kinase C and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II.

Reconstruction of human evolution: bringing together genetic, archaeological, and linguistic data.

Genetic variability between isolates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 2 is comparable to the variability among HIV type 1.

Transgenic mice bearing the human c-myc gene activated by an immunoglobulin enhancer: a pre-B-cell lymphoma model.

Binding site for human immunodeficiency virus coat protein gp120 is located in the NH2-terminal region of T4 (CD4) and requires the intact variable-region-like domain.

Adenallene and cytallene: acyclic-nucleoside analogues that inhibit replication and cytopathic effect of human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.

X gene-related sequences in the core gene of duck and heron hepatitis B viruses.

Total chemical synthesis of a 77-nucleotide-long RNA sequence having methionine-acceptance activity.

Isolation and nucleotide sequence of the cDNA for rat liver serine dehydratase mRNA and structures of the 5' and 3' flanking regions of the serine dehydratase gene.

A repressor heterodimer binds to a chimeric operator.

A DNA-binding factor specific for xenobiotic responsive elements of P-450c gene exists as a cryptic form in cytoplasm: its possible translocation to nucleus.

Sequences contained within the promoter of the human thymidine kinase gene can direct cell-cycle regulation of heterologous fusion genes.

Protein dynamics and reaction rates: mode-specific chemistry in large molecules?

Statistical geometry in sequence space: a method of quantitative comparative sequence analysis.

Chemical oscillations in closed macromolecular systems.

Characterization of a benzyladenine binding-site peptide isolated from a wheat cytokinin-binding protein: sequence analysis and identification of a single affinity-labeled histidine residue by mass spectrometry.

Selective stabilization of microtubules oriented toward the direction of cell migration.

Cleavage furrow isolated from newt eggs: contraction, organization of the actin filaments, and protein components of the furrow.

An erythrocyte-specific DNA-binding factor recognizes a regulatory sequence common to all chicken globin genes.

Biparental defensive endowment of eggs with acquired plant alkaloid in the moth Utetheisa ornatrix.

Western equine encephalitis virus is a recombinant virus.

Molecular mechanism of retinoblastoma gene inactivation in retinoblastoma cell line Y79.

Genetic analysis of indefinite division in human cells: identification of four complementation groups.

RED1: a yeast gene required for the segregation of chromosomes during the reductional division of meiosis.

Expression of the human beta-globin gene following retroviral-mediated transfer into multipotential hematopoietic progenitors of mice.

Anti-idiotypic antibodies that react with microtubule-associated proteins are present in the sera of rabbits immunized with synthetic peptides from tubulin's regulatory domain.

Sequence and organization of the diversity, joining, and constant region genes of the human T-cell delta-chain locus.

Induction of macrophage antitumor activity by acetylated low density lipoprotein containing lipophilic muramyl tripeptide.

LR16, a compound with potent effects on the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin, on blood cholesterol, and on low density lipoprotein.

Unusual lipid structures selectively reduce the toxicity of amphotericin B.

Anemia lessens and its prevention with recombinant human erythropoietin worsens glomerular injury and hypertension in rats with reduced renal mass.

Functional reconstitution of the canalicular bile salt transport system of rat liver.

Many pulmonary pathogenic bacteria bind specifically to the carbohydrate sequence GalNAc beta 1-4Gal found in some glycolipids.

Differentiation of bipotential glial precursors into oligodendrocytes is promoted by interaction with type-1 astrocytes in cerebellar cultures.

Structure and action of buccalin: a modulatory neuropeptide localized to an identified small cardioactive peptide-containing cholinergic motor neuron of Aplysia californica.

Cholinergic amacrine cells of the rabbit retina contain glutamate decarboxylase and gamma-aminobutyrate immunoreactivity.

Transsynaptic impulse activity regulates postsynaptic density molecules in developing and adult rat superior cervical ganglion.

Early blindness results in a degraded auditory map of space in the optic tectum of the barn owl.

Maintenance by glycyl-L-glutamine in vivo of molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase in the preganglionically denervated superior cervical ganglion of the cat.

Atrial-specific granules in situ have high calcium content, are acidic, and maintain anion gradients.

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Reconstruction of human evolution: bringing together genetic, archaeological, and linguistic data.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Cavalli-sforza, L. L. Mountain, J. Piazza, A. Menozzi, P.
Description	Author Affiliation: Cavalli-Sforza LL ( Department of Genetics, Stanford University, CA 94305.);
Abstract	The genetic information for this work came from a very large collection of gene frequencies for 'classical' (non-DNA) polymorphisms of the world aborigines. The data were grouped in 42 populations studied for 120 alleles. The reconstruction of human evolutionary history thus generated was checked with statistical techniques such as 'boot-strapping'. It changes some earlier conclusions and is in agreement with more recent ones, including published and unpublished DNA-marker results. The first split in the phylogenetic tree separates Africans from non-Africans, and the second separates two major clusters, one corresponding to Caucasoids, East Asians, Arctic populations, and American natives, and the other to Southeast Asians (mainland and insular), Pacific islanders, and New Guineans and Australians. Average genetic distances between the most important clusters are proportional to archaeological separation times. Linguistic families correspond to groups of populations with very few, easily understood overlaps, and their origin can be given a time frame. Linguistic superfamilies show remarkable correspondence with the two major clusters, indicating considerable parallelism between genetic and linguistic evolution. The latest step in language development may have been an important factor determining the rapid expansion that followed the appearance of modern humans and the demise of Neanderthals.
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	16
Volume Number	85
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	1988-10-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Biological Evolution Archaeology Genetic Markers Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Multidisciplinary
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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