NDLI: Glucose and glucosamine regulate growth factor gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells.

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Glucose and glucosamine regulate growth factor gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells.

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Glucose and glucosamine regulate growth factor gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Paterson, A. J. Roos, M. D. Kudlow, J. E. Wei, X. Mcclain, D. A.
Description	Author Affiliation: McClain DA ( Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294.);
Abstract	We have investigated the regulation of the expression of two growth factors found in vascular smooth muscle, transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Cells cultured in medium containing 30 mM glucose exhibited a 2-fold increase in TGF alpha mRNA and a 3-fold increase in bFGF mRNA compared with cells grown in normal (5.5 mM) glucose. Glucosamine was more potent than glucose, leading to a 6-fold increase in TGF alpha mRNA. TGF alpha protein levels were also increased by glucosamine treatment, and the predominant species present was the membrane-bound precursor form of TGF alpha. To examine further the regulation of growth factors by sugars, cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells were transfected with a plasmid construct consisting of a 1.2-kilobase-pair fragment of the TGF alpha promoter linked to a luciferase reporter gene. Increasing the concentration of glucose in the culture medium from 5.5 mM to 30 mM led to a rapid, 1.7-fold increase in the activity of the TGF alpha promoter. Glucosamine was much more potent than glucose in this stimulation, with 2 mM glucosamine causing a 12-fold increase in TGF alpha promoter activity. Insulin had no effect on luciferase activity in either the presence or the absence of added sugars. The glucose response element of the TGF alpha gene maps to a 130-base-pair segment that includes three potential binding sites for the transcription factor Sp1. We conclude that high glucose concentrations such as are reached in diabetes mellitus can stimulate the transcription of the genes for growth factors in vascular smooth muscle cells. This signaling pathway apparently involves the metabolism of glucose to glucosamine. This effect could be representative of nutritional regulation of a family of genes and could contribute to the toxicity of hyperglycemia and the vascular complications of diabetes.
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	17
Volume Number	89
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	1992-10-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Genetics Gene Expression Regulation Drug Effects Glucosamine Pharmacology Glucose Muscle, Smooth, Vascular Physiology Transforming Growth Factor Alpha Animals Cells, Cultured DNA Mutational Analysis Genes In Vitro Techniques Promoter Regions, Genetic RNA, Messenger Transcription, Genetic Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Multidisciplinary
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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