NDLI: Foraging ability of rufous hummingbirds on hummingbird flowers and hawkmoth flowers.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Grant, V. Temeles, E. J.
Description	Author Affiliation: Grant V ( Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78713, USA.);
Abstract	We examine the suitability of ornithophilous flowers and sphingophilous flowers in Ipompsis and Aquilegia for nectar foraging by the hummingbird Selasphorus rufus. In S. rufus, bill length averages 18.9 mm in females and 17.3 mm in males. Maximal tongue extension approximates bill length, suggesting that birds can feed from floral tubes up to 33.5 mm in length. However, their ability to do so is limited by two factors. First, the maximal depth at which S. rufus can extract nectar decreases with the width of the floral tube. Second, feeding time is shortest in short floral tubes and progressively increases as the tubes lengthen because of increased time required for tongue extension and retraction. Hence, nectar foraging occurs with optimal efficiency in moderately broad floral tubes with lengths that do not exceed or only slightly exceed the bill length plus
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	20
Volume Number	89
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	1992-01-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Multidisciplinary
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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Foraging ability of rufous hummingbirds on hummingbird flowers and hawkmoth flowers.