NDLI: Prevention of metastasis by inhibition of the urokinase receptor.

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Physical cosmology. Introduction to papers presented at a colloquium 'Physical Cosmology,' March 27-28, 1992, National Academy of Sciences, Irvine, CA.

Scientific results from the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE).

Preliminary results from the third flight of the Millimeter Anisotropy Experiment (MAX).

University of california at Santa Barbara Anisotropy Program: degree scale results from the South Pole 1990-1991.

Challenges to the standard model of Big Bang nucleosynthesis.

Cosmological implications of light element abundances: theory.

Abundances of light elements.

Is the velocity-distance relation for galaxies linear?

The redshift-distance relation.

The Hubble constant.

Tests of the long and short extragalactic distance scales.

Galaxy dynamics and the mass density of the universe.

Derivation of the cosmological density parameter Omega0 from large-scale flows.

Dark matter: theoretical perspectives.

Dissipative processes in galaxy formation.

Causes and effects of the first quasars.

Clusters, superclusters, and large-scale structure: a consistent picture.

Redshift survey with multiple pencil beams at the galactic poles.

Galaxy clustering on large scales.

Faint galaxy surveys.

An ancient revisits cosmology.

K+-conducting ion channel of the chloroplast inner envelope: functional reconstitution into liposomes.

Kinetics of p56lck and p60src Src homology 2 domain binding to tyrosine-phosphorylated peptides determined by a competition assay or surface plasmon resonance.

The Drosophila Stubble-stubbloid gene encodes an apparent transmembrane serine protease required for epithelial morphogenesis.

Sparing effect of hemoglobin F and hemoglobin A2 on the polymerization of hemoglobin S at physiologic ligand saturations.

Molecular cloning, functional expression, and pharmacological characterization of an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit from human brain.

Expression cloning of an ATP receptor from mouse neuroblastoma cells.

Simian virus 40 large tumor antigen-immortalized normal human liver epithelial cells express hepatocyte characteristics and metabolize chemical carcinogens.

Blockade of tolerance to morphine but not to kappa opioids by a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor.

The structure of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor and its relationship to other growth factors.

Insulin receptor substrate 1 mediates insulin and insulin-like growth factor I-stimulated maturation of Xenopus oocytes.

Priming with recombinant influenza virus followed by administration of recombinant vaccinia virus induces CD8+ T-cell-mediated protective immunity against malaria.

Inhibition of skin development by overexpression of transforming growth factor beta 1 in the epidermis of transgenic mice.

Genetically controlled food preference: biochemical mechanisms.

GAP-43 augments G protein-coupled receptor transduction in Xenopus laevis oocytes.

Specific labeling and permanent activation of the retinal rod cGMP-activated channel by the photoaffinity analog 8-p-azidophenacylthio-cGMP.

Identification and cloning of a protein kinase-encoding mouse gene, Plk, related to the polo gene of Drosophila.

Potential role of phospholipase A2 in HL-60 cell differentiation to macrophages induced by protein kinase C activation.

Feedback inhibition of fully unadenylylated glutamine synthetase from Salmonella typhimurium by glycine, alanine, and serine.

Unusual organization of the human T-cell receptor beta-chain gene complex is linked to recombination hotspots.

Molecular and active-site structure of a Bacillus 1,3-1,4-beta-glucanase.

Identification of cell-specific and developmentally regulated nuclear factors that direct myeloid and lymphoid expression of the CD11a gene.

Ontogeny of the prohormone convertases PC1 and PC2 in the mouse hypophysis and their colocalization with corticotropin and alpha-melanotropin.

Sites of RNA polymerase III transcription initiation and Ty3 integration at the U6 gene are positioned by the TATA box.

Characterization of glial trkB receptors: differential response to injury in the central and peripheral nervous systems.

Intracellular Ca2+ pool content is linked to control of cell growth.

Maturation stage and proliferation-dependent expression of dUTPase in human T cells.

Structural features that specify tyrosine kinase activity deduced from homology modeling of the epidermal growth factor receptor.

The cytoplasmic raf oncogene induces a neuronal phenotype in PC12 cells: a potential role for cellular raf kinases in neuronal growth factor signal transduction.

Prevention of metastasis by inhibition of the urokinase receptor.

Origin of JC polyomavirus variants associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

Analysis of the mouse protamine 1 promoter in transgenic mice.

The E1 protein of bovine papilloma virus 1 is an ATP-dependent DNA helicase.

Physical and functional interaction between WT1 and p53 proteins.

Concordance between isolated cleft palate in mice and alterations within a region including the gene encoding the beta 3 subunit of the type A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor.

Metabolic labeling of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase in A431 cells demonstrates phosphorylation on serine and threonine residues.

von Willebrand factor mediates platelet adhesion to virally infected endothelial cells.

Lipid composition and fluidity of the human immunodeficiency virus envelope and host cell plasma membranes.

Association of m1 and m2 muscarinic receptor proteins with asymmetric synapses in the primate cerebral cortex: morphological evidence for cholinergic modulation of excitatory neurotransmission.

"Caged" phenylephrine: development and application to probe the mechanism of alpha-receptor-mediated vasoconstriction.

Functional substitution of the signal recognition particle 54-kDa subunit by its Escherichia coli homolog.

Accessory cholera enterotoxin (Ace), the third toxin of a Vibrio cholerae virulence cassette.

Specific defect in N-acetylglucosamine incorporation in the biosynthesis of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor in cloned cell lines from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.

LY191704: a selective, nonsteroidal inhibitor of human steroid 5 alpha-reductase type 1.

The growth factor-inducible immediate-early gene 3CH134 encodes a protein-tyrosine-phosphatase.

Activation of phospholipase C beta 2 by the alpha and beta gamma subunits of trimeric GTP-binding protein.

Solubilized alpha beta Na,K-ATPase remains protomeric during turnover yet shows apparent negative cooperativity toward ATP.

Hydrogenase of the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus is an elemental sulfur reductase or sulfhydrogenase: evidence for a sulfur-reducing hydrogenase ancestor.

Growth inhibition by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) type I is restored in TGF-beta-resistant hepatoma cells after expression of TGF-beta receptor type II cDNA.

Differential antagonism of Ras biological activity by catalytic and Src homology domains of Ras GTPase activation protein.

Design superiority of palindromic DNA sites for site-specific recognition of proteins: tests using protein stitchery.

Gene organization and primary structure of human hormone-sensitive lipase: possible significance of a sequence homology with a lipase of Moraxella TA144, an antarctic bacterium.

Nucleotide-excision repair of DNA in cell-free extracts of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Colocalization of centromeric and replicative functions on autonomously replicating sequences isolated from the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica.

Gene amplification in Rhizobium: identification and in vivo cloning of discrete amplifiable DNA regions (amplicons) from Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli.

Efficient major histocompatibility complex class I presentation of exogenous antigen upon phagocytosis by macrophages.

Elevated glucose and angiotensin II increase 12-lipoxygenase activity and expression in porcine aortic smooth muscle cells.

Echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging studies of frontal cortex activation during word generation in humans.

Nouns and verbs are retrieved with differently distributed neural systems.

p53 gene mutations and protein accumulation in human ovarian cancer.

Axonal sprouting and laminin appearance after destruction of glial sheaths.

Functional heterogeneity of calcium release by inositol trisphosphate in single Purkinje neurones, cultured cerebellar astrocytes, and peripheral tissues.

Differentiation and identification of the two catalytic metal binding sites in bovine lens leucine aminopeptidase by x-ray crystallography.

Identifying proteins from two-dimensional gels by molecular mass searching of peptide fragments in protein sequence databases.

Single amino acid substitution affects desensitization of the 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes.

Modulation of the interaction between G-actin and thymosin beta 4 by the ATP/ADP ratio: possible implication in the regulation of actin dynamics.

Mutations in the larval foraging gene affect adult locomotory behavior after feeding in Drosophila melanogaster.

The interaction of bride of sevenless with sevenless is conserved between Drosophila virilis and Drosophila melanogaster.

Histones H1 and H5 interact preferentially with crossovers of double-helical DNA.

The abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein at Ser-202 in Alzheimer disease recapitulates phosphorylation during development.

Three-dimensional structures of avidin and the avidin-biotin complex.

Transgenic mice expressing the tumor marker germ cell alkaline phosphatase: an in vivo tumor model for human cancer antigens.

Chaos and the evolution of cooperation.

Molecular evolution of the Adh1 locus in the genus Zea.

Studies on leukemia developing spontaneously in an inbred family of rats.

RNS2: a senescence-associated RNase of Arabidopsis that diverged from the S-RNases before speciation.

An electrostatic mechanism for substrate guidance down the aromatic gorge of acetylcholinesterase.

Mutation of Asp74 of the rat angiotensin II receptor confers changes in antagonist affinities and abolishes G-protein coupling.

Rapid identification of proteins.

On the regeneration of the actin-myosin power stroke in contracting muscle.

Positional specification of ventricular myosin light chain 2 expression in the primitive murine heart tube.

Phosphorylation of Ser-42 and Ser-59 in the N-terminal region of the tyrosine kinase p56lck.

Identification of two missense mutations in a dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase-deficient patient.

Release of amyloid beta-protein precursor derivatives by electrical depolarization of rat hippocampal slices.

Azamacrolides: a family of alkaloids from the pupal defensive secretion of a ladybird beetle (Epilachna varivestis).

Direction of microtubule movement is an intrinsic property of the motor domains of kinesin heavy chain and Drosophila ncd protein.

Identification of a binding site for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein.

5'-CGA sequence is a strong motif for homo base-paired parallel-stranded DNA duplex as revealed by NMR analysis.

Transfection of the malaria parasite and expression of firefly luciferase.

Control of dorsoventral patterning of somitic derivatives by notochord and floor plate.

Picosecond infrared studies of the dynamics of the photosynthetic reaction center.

Structural changes in the actomyosin cross-bridges associated with force generation.

Identification of the gene associated with the recurring chromosomal translocations t(3;14)(q27;q32) and t(3;22)(q27;q11) in B-cell lymphomas.

Myocyte enhancer factor (MEF) 2C: a tissue-restricted member of the MEF-2 family of transcription factors.

Isolation and the complete amino acid sequence of lumenal endoplasmic reticulum glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.

Probability of DNA knotting and the effective diameter of the DNA double helix.

A highly polymorphic microsatellite in the class II Eb gene allows tracing of major histocompatibility complex evolution in mouse.

A gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter driven by a proton pump is present in synaptic-like microvesicles of pancreatic beta cells.

Isolation of a proline-rich mycobacterial protein eliciting delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions only in guinea pigs immunized with living mycobacteria.

Prodrug activation via catalytic antibodies.

DNA interstrand cross-links of trans-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) are preferentially formed between guanine and complementary cytosine residues.

A protein complex of translational regulators of GCN4 mRNA is the guanine nucleotide-exchange factor for translation initiation factor 2 in yeast.

The beta subunit of the mitochondrial processing peptidase from rat liver: cloning and sequencing of a cDNA and comparison with a proposed family of metallopeptidases.

Breaching the conformational integrity of the catalytic triad of the serine protease plasmin: localized disruption of a side chain of His-603 strongly inhibits the amidolytic activity of human plasmin.

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Prevention of metastasis by inhibition of the urokinase receptor.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Crowley, C. W. Cohen, R. L. Liu, G. Lucas, B. K. Levinson, A. D. Shuman, M. A.
Description	Author Affiliation: Crowley CW ( Department of Cell Genetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080.);
Abstract	The plasminogen activator urokinase (u-PA) mediates proteolysis by a variety of human tumor cells. Competitive displacement of u-PA from cellular binding sites results in decreased proteolysis in vitro, suggesting that the cell surface is the preferred site for u-PA-mediated protein degradation. We studied the effect of u-PA receptor blockade on the metastatic capacity of human PC3 prostate carcinoma cells, using transfectants which expressed chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase (CAT). Eight weeks after subcutaneous inoculation of these cells into nude mice, CAT activity was detected in regional lymph nodes, femurs, lungs, and brain, thereby mimicking the organ tropism observed for naturally occurring metastases of prostate cancer. In a second transfection, CAT-expressing PC3 cells received cDNA encoding a mutant u-PA (Ser356-->Ala) which lacks enzymatic activity but which retains full receptor binding affinity. Three mutant u-PA expressors, each with < 5% of wild-type cell-associated u-PA activity, were compared in vivo with independently derived controls. Primary tumor growth was similar in each group of animals and all tumors expressed comparable CAT activity. In contrast, metastasis (as assessed by CAT activity) was markedly inhibited when cell surface u-PA activity was blocked. Levels of CAT activity were reduced by a factor of > 300 in regional lymph nodes, 40-100 in brain tissue, and 10-20 in lung tissue. Metastatic capacity was inhibited similarly when animals were given intermittent intraperitoneal injections of a u-PA/IgG fusion protein capable of displacing u-PA activity from the tumor cell surface. Our results indicate that cell surface u-PA activity is essential to the metastatic process. In addition, the assay system employed in these experiments may be generally useful in testing other therapeutic modalities to limit the spread of primary tumors.
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	11
Volume Number	90
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	1993-07-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Adenocarcinoma Pathology Neoplasm Metastasis Prostatic Neoplasms Receptors, Cell Surface Antagonists & Inhibitors Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Metabolism Amino Acid Sequence Animals Brain Enzymology Brain Neoplasms Cell Line Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase Genetics Immunoglobulin G Biosynthesis Lung Lung Neoplasms Lymph Nodes Lymphatic Metastasis Mice Mice, Nude Mutagenesis, Site-Directed Neoplasm Invasiveness Neoplasm Transplantation Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Recombinant Fusion Proteins Transfection Transplantation, Heterologous Tumor Cells, Cultured Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Multidisciplinary
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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