NDLI: Bootstrap hypothesis tests for evolutionary trees and other dendrograms.

Please wait, while we are loading the content...

Year: 2017 Volume: 114

Year: 2016 Volume: 113

Year: 2015 Volume: 112

Year: 2014 Volume: 111

Year: 2013 Volume: 110

Year: 2012 Volume: 109

Year: 2011 Volume: 108

Year: 2010 Volume: 107

Year: 2009 Volume: 106

Year: 2008 Volume: 105

Year: 2007 Volume: 104

Year: 2006 Volume: 103

Year: 2005 Volume: 102

Year: 2004 Volume: 101

Year: 2003 Volume: 100

Year: 2002 Volume: 99

Year: 2001 Volume: 98

Year: 2000 Volume: 97

Year: 1999 Volume: 96

Year: 1998 Volume: 95

Year: 1997 Volume: 94

Year: 1996 Volume: 93

Year: 1995 Volume: 92

Year: 1994 Volume: 91

Year: 1994 Volume: 91 Issue: 26

Year: 1994 Volume: 91 Issue: 26 Suppl

Year: 1994 Volume: 91 Issue: 25

Diurnal cycle of emission of induced volatile terpenoids by herbivore-injured cotton plant.

Four hundred-million-year-old vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae.

Ninety-seven million years of angiosperm-insect association: paleobiological insights into the meaning of coevolution.

Hypermutagenesis of RNA using human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase and biased dNTP concentrations.

Toxicity of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine to mammalian cells is mediated primarily by covalent trapping of DNA methyltransferase rather than DNA demethylation.

The genes encoding the glutamate receptor subunits KA1 and KA2 (GRIK4 and GRIK5) are located on separate chromosomes in human, mouse, and rat.

Delineation and comparison of ganglioside-binding epitopes for the toxins of Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli, and Clostridium tetani: evidence for overlapping epitopes.

Voltage window for sustained elevation of cytosolic calcium in smooth muscle cells.

Asymmetrical blockade of the Ca2+ release channel (ryanodine receptor) by 12-kDa FK506 binding protein.

Nitric oxide, cGMP, and hormone regulation of active sodium transport.

The nitric oxide/cyclic GMP pathway in organ transplantation: critical role in successful lung preservation.

Similarity of nucleotide interactions of BiP and GTP-binding proteins.

CD40-deficient mice generated by recombination-activating gene-2-deficient blastocyst complementation.

Establishment of an adherent cell feeder layer from human umbilical cord blood for support of long-term hematopoietic progenitor cell growth.

Cross-talk between cyclooxygenase and nitric oxide pathways: prostaglandin E2 negatively modulates induction of nitric oxide synthase by interleukin 1.

Three-dimensional structure of the platelet integrin recognition segment of the fibrinogen gamma chain obtained by carrier protein-driven crystallization.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) inhibition, DNA-binding, RNA-binding, and ribosome inactivation activities in the N-terminal segments of the plant anti-HIV protein GAP31.

Differential expression of homeobox genes in functionally distinct CD34+ subpopulations of human bone marrow cells.

Amino-terminal basic residues of Src mediate membrane binding through electrostatic interaction with acidic phospholipids.

Complex correlation between excitatory amino acid-induced increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration and subsequent loss of neuronal function in individual neocortical neurons in culture.

cDNA cloning of the Sm proteins D2 and D3 from human small nuclear ribonucleoproteins: evidence for a direct D1-D2 interaction.

Latent capacities for gametogenic cycling in the semelparous invertebrate Nereis. (Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Volume: 91 Issue: 25)

The amygdala complex: multiple roles in associative learning and attention.

Latent capacities for gametogenic cycling in the semelparous invertebrate Nereis. (Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Volume: 91 Issue: 25)

Fluctuation analysis of motor protein movement and single enzyme kinetics.

Retrotransposons in the flanking regions of normal plant genes: a role for copia-like elements in the evolution of gene structure and expression.

Identification of a 50-kDa systemin-binding protein in tomato plasma membranes having Kex2p-like properties.

Interspecific transfer of mitochondrial genes in fungi and creation of a homologous hybrid gene.

Type 1/type 2 cytokine modulation of T-cell programmed cell death as a model for human immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis.

Observation of binding and polymerization of Fur repressor onto operator-containing DNA with electron and atomic force microscopes.

Molecular cloning of a myosin I beta isozyme that may mediate adaptation by hair cells of the bullfrog's internal ear.

Solution scattering from 50S ribosomal subunit resolves inconsistency between electron microscopic models.

Nuclear accumulation of interferon gamma.

Targeted mutation in the neurotrophin-3 gene results in loss of muscle sensory neurons.

Light-induced isomerization causes an increase in the chromophore tilt in the M intermediate of bacteriorhodopsin: a neutron diffraction study.

Casein kinase II specifically nucleotidylylates in vitro the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the alpha 22 gene of herpes simplex virus 1.

Isolation of unknown genes from human bone marrow by differential screening and single-pass cDNA sequence determination.

Stepwise immortalization and transformation of adult human prostate epithelial cells by a combination of HPV-18 and v-Ki-ras.

Human cytomegalovirus latent infection of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors.

Inducible phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha is not sufficient for its dissociation from NF-kappa B and is inhibited by protease inhibitors.

The Gal(alpha 1-4)Gal-specific tip adhesin of Escherichia coli P-fimbriae is needed for pyelonephritis to occur in the normal urinary tract.

Expression of the allatostatin gene in endocrine cells of the cockroach midgut.

Mutagenic potency of exocyclic DNA adducts: marked differences between Escherichia coli and simian kidney cells.

Protein footprinting by the combined use of reversible and irreversible lysine modifications.

Binding of TFIID to the CYC1 TATA boxes in yeast occurs independently of upstream activating sequences.

Differentiation-dependent expression of the Na+/glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) in LLC-PK1 cells: role of protein kinase C activation and ongoing transcription.

Coatomer-rich endoplasmic reticulum.

Initiation of recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae haploid meiosis.

Initiation of meiotic recombination is independent of interhomologue interactions.

Directing transcription of an RNA polymerase III gene via GAL4 sites.

Rapid detection of homologous recombinants in nontransformed human cells.

Lymphocyte proliferation in mice congenitally deficient in T-cell receptor alpha beta + cells.

An ADP-ribosyltransferase as a potential target for nitric oxide action in hippocampal long-term potentiation.

Rab geranylgeranyl transferase catalyzes the geranylgeranylation of adjacent cysteines in the small GTPases Rab1A, Rab3A, and Rab5A.

Interplay between excited-state intramolecular proton transfer and charge transfer in flavonols and their use as protein-binding-site fluorescence probes.

The mitochondrial outer membrane protein Mas22p is essential for protein import and viability of yeast.

Cloning of a human gene involved in cytochrome oxidase assembly by functional complementation of an oxa1- mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Evolution of mobile group I introns: recognition of intron sequences by an intron-encoded endonuclease.

Bone marrow declines as a site of B-cell precursor differentiation with age: relationship to thymus involution.

Excessive production of amyloid beta-protein by peripheral cells of symptomatic and presymptomatic patients carrying the Swedish familial Alzheimer disease mutation.

Prostaglandin D2-sensitive, sleep-promoting zone defined in the ventral surface of the rostral basal forebrain.

Fialuridine accumulates in DNA of dogs, monkeys, and rats following long-term oral administration.

Targeted gene replacement demonstrates that myristoyl-CoA: protein N-myristoyltransferase is essential for viability of Cryptococcus neoformans.

Pharmacological and biochemical demonstration of the role of cyclooxygenase 2 in inflammation and pain.

Differentiation of receptor subtypes by thermodynamic analysis: application to opioid delta receptors.

Participation of the ascending serotonergic system in the stimulation of atrial natriuretic peptide release.

Determination of the effective charge of a protein in solution by capillary electrophoresis.

Disruption of a topoisomerase-DNA cleavage complex by a DNA helicase.

Topology of the RNA polymerase active center probed by chimeric rifampicin-nucleotide compounds.

Chromosome painting in plants: in situ hybridization with a DNA probe from a specific microdissected chromosome arm of common wheat.

Covalent catalysis in nucleotidyl transfer reactions: essential motifs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA capping enzyme are conserved in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and viral capping enzymes and among polynucleotide ligases.

Rapid humanization of the Fv of monoclonal antibody B3 by using framework exchange of the recombinant immunotoxin B3(Fv)-PE38.

Transcription of a yeast telomere alleviates telomere position effect without affecting chromosome stability.

Differences in the molecular structure of c-myc-activating recombinations in murine plasmacytomas and precursor cells.

Identification of a melanosomal membrane protein encoded by the pink-eyed dilution (type II oculocutaneous albinism) gene.

Incipient and overt stages of neoplastic transformation.

Three forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone characterized from brains of one species.

Detection of conserved segments in proteins: iterative scanning of sequence databases with alignment blocks.

Angiogenin promotes invasiveness of cultured endothelial cells by stimulation of cell-associated proteolytic activities.

Fractal analysis of proton exchange kinetics in lysozyme.

AFC1, a LAMMER kinase from Arabidopsis thaliana, activates STE12-dependent processes in yeast.

Cloning of ELL, a gene that fuses to MLL in a t(11;19)(q23;p13.1) in acute myeloid leukemia.

Group A streptococci efficiently invade human respiratory epithelial cells.

Protein domains connect cell cycle stimulation directly to initiation of DNA replication.

Interactions between saturated acyl chains confer detergent resistance on lipids and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins: GPI-anchored proteins in liposomes and cells show similar behavior.

Two-state transition between molten globule and unfolded states of acetylcholinesterase as monitored by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.

De novo synthesis of an intron by the maize transposable element Dissociation.

(C-A)n microsatellite repeat D7S522 is the most commonly deleted region in human primary breast cancer.

Infectious amyloid precursor gene sequences in primates used for experimental transmission of human spongiform encephalopathy.

Analysis of patterns of DNA sequence variation in flanking and coding regions of murine germ-line immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable genes: evolutionary implications.

Heparin-dependent binding and autophosphorylation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor by heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor but not by EGF.

Specific photocrosslinking of DNA-protein complexes: identification of contacts between integration host factor and its target DNA.

In vivo transfer and expression of a human epidermal growth factor gene accelerates wound repair.

Oligodeoxynucleotides antisense to mRNA encoding protein kinase A, protein kinase C, and beta-adrenergic receptor kinase reveal distinctive cell-type-specific roles in agonist-induced desensitization.

Terminal protein-primed DNA amplification.

Pancreatic beta cells express a diverse set of homeobox genes.

Substrate spectrum of human excinuclease: repair of abasic sites, methylated bases, mismatches, and bulky adducts.

A molecular chaperone, ClpA, functions like DnaK and DnaJ.

Pulsed growth of fungal hyphal tips.

Tobacco smoke tumor promoters, catechol and hydroquinone, induce oxidative regulation of protein kinase C and influence invasion and metastasis of lung carcinoma cells.

Critical role of the group A streptococcal capsule in pharyngeal colonization and infection in mice.

Beta-amyloid neurotoxicity requires fibril formation and is inhibited by congo red.

Aconitase is a sensitive and critical target of oxygen poisoning in cultured mammalian cells and in rat lungs.

Isolation of a DEAD-family protein gene that encodes a murine homolog of Drosophila vasa and its specific expression in germ cell lineage.

An anti-peptide antibody specific for the class A calcium channel alpha 1 subunit labels mammalian neuromuscular junction.

Motility voltage sensor of the outer hair cell resides within the lateral plasma membrane.

Chemiluminescent activation of the antiviral activity of hypericin: a molecular flashlight.

Dollo's law and the death and resurrection of genes.

African origin of human-specific polymorphic Alu insertions.

Bootstrap hypothesis tests for evolutionary trees and other dendrograms.

Synthesis and biological activities of highly potent antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone.

Key role for pregnenolone in combination therapy that promotes recovery after spinal cord injury.

'Metabolic switch' for desert survival.

Modulator factor-binding sequence of the sea urchin early histone H2A promoter acts as an enhancer element.

A functional chimeric DNA primase: the Cys4 zinc-binding domain of bacteriophage T3 primase fused to the helicase of bacteriophage T7.

DNA oxidative damage and life expectancy in houseflies.

Tracking the origins of the cave bear (Ursus spelaeus) by mitochondrial DNA sequencing.

Neurotrophin 3 potentiates neuronal activity and inhibits gamma-aminobutyratergic synaptic transmission in cortical neurons.

A mutation in segment IVS6 disrupts fast inactivation of sodium channels.

Modulation of brain Na+ channels by a G-protein-coupled pathway.

Year: 1994 Volume: 91 Issue: 24

Year: 1994 Volume: 91 Issue: 23

Year: 1994 Volume: 91 Issue: 22

Year: 1994 Volume: 91 Issue: 21

Year: 1994 Volume: 91 Issue: 20

Year: 1994 Volume: 91 Issue: 19

Year: 1994 Volume: 91 Issue: 18

Year: 1994 Volume: 91 Issue: 17

Year: 1994 Volume: 91 Issue: 16

Year: 1994 Volume: 91 Issue: 15

Year: 1994 Volume: 91 Issue: 14

Year: 1994 Volume: 91 Issue: 13

Year: 1994 Volume: 91 Issue: 12

Year: 1994 Volume: 91 Issue: 11

Year: 1994 Volume: 91 Issue: 10

Year: 1994 Volume: 91 Issue: 9

Year: 1994 Volume: 91 Issue: 8

Year: 1994 Volume: 91 Issue: 7

Year: 1994 Volume: 91 Issue: 6

Year: 1994 Volume: 91 Issue: 5

Year: 1994 Volume: 91 Issue: 4

Year: 1994 Volume: 91 Issue: 3

Year: 1994 Volume: 91 Issue: 2

Year: 1994 Volume: 91 Issue: 1

Impact melting of frozen oceans on the early Earth: Implications for the origin of life

Year: 1993 Volume: 90

Year: 1992 Volume: 89

Year: 1991 Volume: 88

Year: 1990 Volume: 87

Year: 1989 Volume: 86

Year: 1988 Volume: 85

Year: 1987 Volume: 84

Year: 1986 Volume: 83

Year: 1985 Volume: 82

Year: 1984 Volume: 81

Year: 1983 Volume: 80

Year: 1982 Volume: 79

Year: 1981 Volume: 78

Year: 1980 Volume: 77

Year: 1979 Volume: 76

Year: 1978 Volume: 75

Year: 1977 Volume: 74

Year: 1976 Volume: 73

Year: 1975 Volume: 72

Year: 1974 Volume: 71

Year: 1973 Volume: 70

Year: 1972 Volume: 69

Year: 1971 Volume: 68

Year: 1970 Volume: 67

Year: 1970 Volume: 66

Year: 1970 Volume: 65

Year: 1969 Volume: 64

Year: 1969 Volume: 63

Year: 1969 Volume: 62

Year: 1968 Volume: 61

Year: 1968 Volume: 60

Year: 1968 Volume: 59

Year: 1967 Volume: 58

Year: 1967 Volume: 57

Year: 1966 Volume: 56

Year: 1966 Volume: 55

Bootstrap hypothesis tests for evolutionary trees and other dendrograms.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Brown, J. K.
Description	Author Affiliation: Brown JK ( Cereals Research Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich, England.);
Abstract	The bootstrap computer-intensive statistical technique is frequently applied to statistical analyses of phylogenetic trees. The widely used rule that a group is supported significantly if it appears in at least 95% of bootstrap trees is conservative in most situations. This paper describes three ways of using the bootstrap to carry out statistical inference on phylogenies. The first method tests whether there is nonrandom support for a single group or tree. The second method compares the support for two groups or trees. The third method tests whether a single group or tree has better support than the set of all possible alternatives; this may be a replacement for the '95% rule.' These tests generally require fewer bootstrap trees to be estimated than do other methods of bootstrapping phylogenies. A simple, sequential statistical method can be used to increase the efficiency further. These methods can be applied to tests of multiple hypotheses about a single phylogeny. Parsimony analyses of 5S rRNA sequences of plants and cluster analyses of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA bands in three pathotypes of the cereal eyespot fungus are used as illustrative examples. The tests can be used to analyze dendrograms in subjects other than taxonomy.
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	25
Volume Number	91
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	1994-01-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Biological Evolution Computer Simulation Models, Genetic Plants Genetics RNA, Ribosomal, 5S Chlorophyta Models, Statistical Molecular Sequence Data Random Allocation Comparative Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Multidisciplinary
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

Central Library (ISO-9001:2015 Certified)
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Kharagpur, West Bengal, India | PIN - 721302

See location in the Map
03222 282435
Mail: support@ndl.gov.in

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in