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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Hanoune, J. Pouille, Y. Defer, N. Tzavara, E. T. |
| Description | Author Affiliation: Tzavara ET ( Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Hopital Henri Mondor, Creteil, France.); |
| Abstract | Nocturnal melatonin production in the pineal gland is under the control of norepinephrine released from superior cervical ganglia afferents in a rhythmic manner, and of cyclic AMP. Cyclic AMP increases the expression of serotonin N-acetyltransferase and of inducible cAMP early repressor that undergo circadian oscillations crucial for the maintenance and regulation of the biological clock. In the present study, we demonstrate a circadian pattern of expression of the calcium/calmodulin activated adenylyl cyclase type 1 (AC1) mRNA in the rat pineal gland. In situ hybridization revealed that maximal AC1 mRNA expression occurred at midday (12:00-15:00), with a very low signal at night (0:00-3:00). We established that this rhythmic pattern was controlled by the noradrenergic innervation of the pineal gland and by the environmental light conditions. Finally, we observed a circadian responsiveness of the pineal AC activity to calcium/calmodulin, with a lag due to the processing of the protein. At midday, AC activity was inhibited by calcium (40%) either in the presence or absence of calmodulin, while at night the enzyme was markedly (3-fold) activated by the calcium-calmodulin complex. These findings suggest (i) the involvement of AC1 acting as the center of a gating mechanism, between cyclic AMP and calcium signals, important for the fine tuning of the pineal circadian rhythm; and (ii) a possible regulation of cyclic AMP on the expression of AC1 in the rat pineal gland. |
| ISSN | 00278424 |
| e-ISSN | 10916490 |
| Journal | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| Issue Number | 20 |
| Volume Number | 93 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | National Academy of Sciences |
| Publisher Date | 1996-11-01 |
| Publisher Place | United States |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Adenylate Cyclase Metabolism Circadian Rhythm Membrane Proteins Nerve Tissue Proteins Pineal Gland Enzymology Animals Calcium Physiology Calmodulin Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic Radiation Effects In Situ Hybridization Norepinephrine RNA, Messenger Genetics Rats, Wistar Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Multidisciplinary |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Multidisciplinary |
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