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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Jans, D. A. Piller, S. C. Jans, P. Gage, P. W. |
| Description | Author Affiliation: Piller SC ( Membrane Biology Program, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.); |
| Abstract | The small HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr (virus protein R) is a multifunctional protein that is present in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of AIDS patients. We previously showed that Vpr can form cation-selective ion channels across planar lipid bilayers, introducing the possibility that, if incorporated into the membranes of living cells, Vpr might form ion channels and consequently perturb the maintained ionic gradient. In this study, we demonstrate, by a variety of approaches, that Vpr added extracellularly to intact cells does indeed form ion channels. We use confocal laser scanning microscopy to examine the subcellular localization of fluorescently labeled Vpr. Plasmalemma depolarization and damage are examined using the anionic potential-sensitive dye bis(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol and propidium iodide (PI), respectively, and the effect of Vpr on whole-cell current is demonstrated directly by using the patch-clamp technique. We show that recombinant purified extracellular Vpr associates with the plasmalemma of hippocampal neurons to cause a large inward cation current and depolarization of the plasmalemma, eventually resulting in cell death. Thus, we demonstrate a physiological action of extracellular Vpr and present its mechanistic basis. These findings may have important implications for neuropathologies in AIDS patients who possess significant amounts of Vpr in the cerebrospinal fluid. |
| ISSN | 00278424 |
| e-ISSN | 10916490 |
| Journal | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| Issue Number | 8 |
| Volume Number | 95 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | National Academy of Sciences |
| Publisher Date | 1998-05-01 |
| Publisher Place | United States |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Pathology Gene Products, Vpr Toxicity HIV-1 Physiology Hippocampus Cytology Ion Channels Neurons Drug Effects Blood Cerebrospinal Fluid Animals Cell Membrane Cell Survival Cells, Cultured Fluorescent Dyes Membrane Potentials Patch-Clamp Techniques Recombinant Proteins Vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Multidisciplinary |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Multidisciplinary |
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