NDLI: A novel microbial habitat in the mid-ocean ridge subseafloor.

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A novel microbial habitat in the mid-ocean ridge subseafloor.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Baross, J. A. Summit, M.
Description	Author Affiliation: Summit M ( Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Campus Box 1169, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. summit@zonvark.wustl.edu);
Abstract	The subseafloor at the mid-ocean ridge is predicted to be an excellent microbial habitat, because there is abundant space, fluid flow, and geochemical energy in the porous, hydrothermally influenced oceanic crust. These characteristics also make it a good analog for potential subsurface extraterrestrial habitats. Subseafloor environments created by the mixing of hot hydrothermal fluids and seawater are predicted to be particularly energy-rich, and hyperthermophilic microorganisms that broadly reflect such predictions are ejected from these systems in low-temperature ( approximately 15 degrees C), basalt-hosted diffuse effluents. Seven hyperthermophilic heterotrophs isolated from low-temperature diffuse fluids exiting the basaltic crust in and near two hydrothermal vent fields on the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge, were compared phylogenetically and physiologically to six similarly enriched hyperthermophiles from samples associated with seafloor metal sulfide structures. The 13 organisms fell into four distinct groups: one group of two organisms corresponding to the genus Pyrococcus and three groups corresponding to the genus Thermococcus. Of these three groups, one was composed solely of sulfide-derived organisms, and the other two related groups were composed of subseafloor organisms. There was no evidence of restricted exchange of organisms between sulfide and subseafloor habitats, and therefore this phylogenetic distinction indicates a selective force operating between the two habitats. Hypotheses regarding the habitat differences were generated through comparison of the physiology of the two groups of hyperthermophiles; some potential differences between these habitats include fluid flow stability, metal ion concentrations, and sources of complex organic matter.
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	5
Volume Number	98
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	2001-03-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Water Microbiology Molecular Sequence Data Oceans And Seas Phylogeny RNA, Ribosomal, 16S Genetics RNA, Ribosomal, 23S Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Multidisciplinary
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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