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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Ohtsubo, Eiichi Oguma, Keiji Ohnishi, Makoto Sakaguchi, Yoshihiko Oshima, Kenshiro Fujinaga, Yukako Nakayama, Keisuke Hayashi, Tetsuya Hattori, Masahira Kurokawa, Ken |
| Description | Author Affiliation: Sakaguchi Y ( Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.); |
| Abstract | Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTXs) produced by Clostridium botulinum are among the most poisonous substances known. Of the seven types of BoNTXs, genes for type C1 and D toxins (BoNTX/C1 and D) are carried by bacteriophages. The gene for exoenzyme C3 also resides on these phages. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of c-st, a representative of BoNTX/C1-converting phages. The genome is a linear double-stranded DNA of 185,682 bp with 404-bp terminal direct repeats, the largest known temperate phage genome. We identified 198 potential protein-coding regions, including the genes for production of BoNTX/C1 and exoenzyme C3. Very exceptionally, as a viable bacteriophage, a number of insertion sequences were found on the c-st genome. By analyzing the molecular structure of the c-st genome in lysogens, we also found that it exists as a circular plasmid prophage. These features account for the unstable lysogeny of BoNTX phages, which has historically been called 'pseudolysogeny.' The PCR scanning analysis of other BoNTX/C1 and D phages based on the c-st sequence further revealed that BoNTX phages comprise a divergent phage family, probably generated by exchanging genomic segments among BoNTX phages and their relatives. |
| ISSN | 00278424 |
| e-ISSN | 10916490 |
| Journal | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| Issue Number | 48 |
| Volume Number | 102 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | National Academy of Sciences |
| Publisher Date | 2005-11-01 |
| Publisher Place | United States |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Bacteriophages Genetics Botulinum Toxins Genome, Viral Lysogeny Physiology Blotting, Southern Clostridium Botulinum Metabolism Virology Genome Components Molecular Sequence Data Open Reading Frames Sequence Analysis, DNA Comparative Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Multidisciplinary |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Multidisciplinary |
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