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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | An, Xiuxiang Perlstein, Deborah L. Kelleher, Neil Yang, Kui Stubbe, Joanne Hicks, Leslie Zhang, Zhen Huang, Mingxia |
| Description | Author Affiliation: Zhang Z ( Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.); |
| Abstract | Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) catalyzes the reduction of ribonucleotides to the corresponding deoxyribonucleotides and is an essential enzyme for DNA replication and repair. Cells have evolved intricate mechanisms to regulate RNR activity to ensure high fidelity of DNA replication during normal cell-cycle progression and of DNA repair upon genotoxic stress. The RNR holoenzyme is composed of a large subunit R1 (alpha, oligomeric state unknown) and a small subunit R2 (beta(2)). R1 binds substrates and allosteric effectors; R2 contains a diferric-tyrosyl radical [(Fe)(2)-Y.] cofactor that is required for catalysis. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, R1 is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm, whereas R2, which is a heterodimer (betabeta'), is predominantly in the nucleus. When cells encounter DNA damage or stress during replication, betabeta' is redistributed from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in a checkpoint-dependent manner, resulting in the colocalization of R1 and R2. We have identified two proteins that have an important role in betabeta' nuclear localization: the importin beta homolog Kap122 and the WD40 repeat protein Wtm1. Deletion of either WTM1 or KAP122 leads to loss of betabeta' nuclear localization. Wtm1 and its paralog Wtm2 are both nuclear proteins that are in the same protein complex with betabeta'. Wtm1 also interacts with Kap122 in vivo and requires Kap122 for its nuclear localization. Our results suggest that Wtm1 acts either as an adaptor to facilitate nuclear import of betabeta' by Kap122 or as an anchor to retain betabeta' in the nucleus. |
| ISSN | 00278424 |
| e-ISSN | 10916490 |
| Journal | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| Issue Number | 5 |
| Volume Number | 103 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | National Academy of Sciences |
| Publisher Date | 2006-02-01 |
| Publisher Place | United States |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Cell Nucleus Enzymology Karyopherins Physiology Repressor Proteins Ribonucleotide Reductases Biosynthesis Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Proteins Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Transcription Factors Beta Karyopherins Catalysis Metabolism Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Cytoplasm DNA Damage DNA Replication Dimerization Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel Fungal Proteins Chemistry Gene Deletion Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal Genes, Fungal Green Fluorescent Proteins Models, Biological Mutation Plasmids Protein Binding Recombinant Fusion Proteins Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Multidisciplinary |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Multidisciplinary |
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