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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Woods, Gregory M. Noonan, Erin Siddle, Hannah V. Kreiss, Alexandre Pyecroft, Stephen Eldridge, Mark D. B. Clarke, Candice J. Belov, Katherine |
| Description | Author Affiliation: Siddle HV ( Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.); |
| Abstract | A fatal transmissible tumor spread between individuals by biting has emerged in the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii), a carnivorous marsupial. Here we provide genetic evidence establishing that the tumor is clonal and therefore foreign to host devils. Thus, the disease is highly unusual because it is not just a tumor but also a tissue graft, passed between individuals without invoking an immune response. The MHC plays a key role in immune responses to both tumors and grafts. The most common mechanism of immune evasion by tumors is down-regulation of classical cell surface MHC molecules. Here we show that this mode of immune escape does not occur. However, because the tumor is a graft, it should still be recognized and rejected by the host's immune system due to foreign cell surface antigens. Mixed lymphocyte responses showed a lack of alloreactivity between lymphocytes of different individuals in the affected population, indicating a paucity of MHC diversity. This result was verified by genotyping, providing a conclusive link between a loss of MHC diversity and spread of a disease through a wild population. This novel disease arose as a direct result of loss of genetic diversity and the aggressive behavior of the host species. The neoplastic clone continues to spread although the population, and, without active disease control by removal of affected animals and the isolation of disease-free animals, the Tasmanian devil faces extinction. |
| ISSN | 00278424 |
| e-ISSN | 10916490 |
| Journal | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| Issue Number | 41 |
| Volume Number | 104 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | National Academy of Sciences |
| Publisher Date | 2007-10-01 |
| Publisher Place | United States |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Major Histocompatibility Complex Marsupialia Genetics Immunology Neoplasms Veterinary Amino Acid Sequence Animal Diseases Transmission Animals Bites And Stings DNA Extinction, Biological Genes, MHC Class I Genes, MHC Class II Genetic Variation Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed Microsatellite Repeats Molecular Sequence Data Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Sequence Homology, Amino Acid Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Multidisciplinary |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Multidisciplinary |
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