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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Mitschke, Jan Muro-pastor, Alicia M. Haas, Fabian Hess, Wolfgang R. Vioque, Agustín |
| Description | Author Affiliation: Mitschke J ( Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.); |
| Abstract | The fixation of atmospheric N(2) by cyanobacteria is a major source of nitrogen in the biosphere. In Nostocales, such as Anabaena, this process is spatially separated from oxygenic photosynthesis and occurs in heterocysts. Upon nitrogen step-down, these specialized cells differentiate from vegetative cells in a process controlled by two major regulators: NtcA and HetR. However, the regulon controlled by these two factors is only partially defined, and several aspects of the differentiation process have remained enigmatic. Using differential RNA-seq, we experimentally define a genome-wide map of >10,000 transcriptional start sites (TSS) of Anabaena sp. PCC7120, a model organism for the study of prokaryotic cell differentiation and N(2) fixation. By analyzing the adaptation to nitrogen stress, our global TSS map provides insight into the dynamic changes that modify the transcriptional organization at a critical step of the differentiation process. We identify >900 TSS with minimum fold change in response to nitrogen deficiency of eight. From these TSS, at least 209 were under control of HetR, whereas at least 158 other TSS were potentially directly controlled by NtcA. Our analysis of the promoters activated during the switch to N(2) fixation adds hundreds of protein-coding genes and noncoding transcripts to the list of potentially involved factors. These data experimentally define the NtcA regulon and the DIF(+) motif, a palindrome at or close to position -35 that seems essential for heterocyst-specific expression of certain genes. |
| ISSN | 00278424 |
| e-ISSN | 10916490 |
| Journal | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| Issue Number | 50 |
| Volume Number | 108 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | National Academy of Sciences |
| Publisher Date | 2011-12-01 |
| Publisher Place | United States |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Anabaena Cytology Genetics Nitrogen Pharmacology Stress, Physiological Drug Effects Transcription Initiation Site Bacterial Proteins Metabolism Binding Sites Chromosome Mapping Chromosomes, Bacterial Genes, Bacterial Molecular Sequence Data Nucleotide Motifs Promoter Regions, Genetic RNA, Untranslated Regulon Sequence Analysis, DNA Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Multidisciplinary |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Multidisciplinary |
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