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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Bergstrom, Dana Michelle Huiskes, Ad H. L. Gremmen, Niek J. M. Terauds, Aleks Kiefer, Kate Tsujimoto, Megumu Van De Vijver, Bart Chown, Steven L. Raymond, Ben Ware, Chris Crosbie, Kim Lee, Jennifer E. Hughes, Kevin A. Lebouvier, Marc Imura, Satoshi Frenot, Yves |
| Spatial Coverage | Antarctic Regions |
| Description | Author Affiliation: Chown SL ( Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa. slchown@sun.ac.za); |
| Abstract | Invasive alien species are among the primary causes of biodiversity change globally, with the risks thereof broadly understood for most regions of the world. They are similarly thought to be among the most significant conservation threats to Antarctica, especially as climate change proceeds in the region. However, no comprehensive, continent-wide evaluation of the risks to Antarctica posed by such species has been undertaken. Here we do so by sampling, identifying, and mapping the vascular plant propagules carried by all categories of visitors to Antarctica during the International Polar Year's first season (2007-2008) and assessing propagule establishment likelihood based on their identity and origins and on spatial variation in Antarctica's climate. For an evaluation of the situation in 2100, we use modeled climates based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Special Report on Emissions Scenarios Scenario A1B [Nakicenovic N, Swart R, eds (2000) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios: A Special Report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK)]. Visitors carrying seeds average 9.5 seeds per person, although as vectors, scientists carry greater propagule loads than tourists. Annual tourist numbers (â ¼33,054) are higher than those of scientists (â ¼7,085), thus tempering these differences in propagule load. Alien species establishment is currently most likely for the Western Antarctic Peninsula. Recent founder populations of several alien species in this area corroborate these findings. With climate change, risks will grow in the Antarctic Peninsula, Ross Sea, and East Antarctic coastal regions. Our evidence-based assessment demonstrates which parts of Antarctica are at growing risk from alien species that may become invasive and provides the means to mitigate this threat now and into the future as the continent's climate changes. |
| ISSN | 00278424 |
| e-ISSN | 10916490 |
| Journal | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| Issue Number | 13 |
| Volume Number | 109 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | National Academy of Sciences |
| Publisher Date | 2012-03-01 |
| Publisher Place | United States |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Introduced Species Antarctic Regions Plant Vascular Bundle Physiology Risk Assessment Species Specificity Temperature Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Multidisciplinary |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Multidisciplinary |
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