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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Arboleda, Enrique Veedin Rajan, Vinoth Babu Tessmar-raible, Kristin Backfisch, Benjamin Raible, Florian Lohs, Claudia Fischer, Ruth M. |
| Description | Author Affiliation: Backfisch B ( Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology, and Genetics, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.); |
| Abstract | Research in eye evolution has mostly focused on eyes residing in the head. In contrast, noncephalic light sensors are far less understood and rather regarded as evolutionary innovations. We established stable transgenesis in the annelid Platynereis, a reference species for evolutionary and developmental comparisons. EGFP controlled by cis-regulatory elements of r-opsin, a characteristic marker for rhabdomeric photoreceptors, faithfully recapitulates known r-opsin expression in the adult eyes, and marks a pair of pigment-associated frontolateral eyelets in the brain. Unexpectedly, transgenic animals revealed an additional series of photoreceptors in the ventral nerve cord as well as photoreceptors that are located in each pair of the segmental dorsal appendages (notopodia) and project into the ventral nerve cord. Consistent with a photosensory function of these noncephalic cells, decapitated animals display a clear photoavoidance response. Molecular analysis of the receptors suggests that they differentiate independent of pax6, a gene involved in early eye development of many metazoans, and that the ventral cells may share origins with the Hesse organs in the amphioxus neural tube. Finally, expression analysis of opn4×-2 and opn4m-2, two zebrafish orthologs of Platynereis r-opsin, reveals that these genes share expression in the neuromasts, known mechanoreceptors of the lateral line peripheral nervous system. Together, this establishes that noncephalic photoreceptors are more widespread than assumed, and may even reflect more ancient aspects of sensory systems. Our study marks significant advance for the understanding of photoreceptor cell (PRC) evolution and development and for Platynereis as a functional lophotrochozoan model system. |
| ISSN | 00278424 |
| e-ISSN | 10916490 |
| Journal | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| Issue Number | 1 |
| Volume Number | 110 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | National Academy of Sciences |
| Publisher Date | 2013-01-01 |
| Publisher Place | United States |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Biological Evolution Opsins Metabolism Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate Physiology Polychaeta Animals Animals, Genetically Modified DNA Primers Genetics Gene Expression Profiling Gene Transfer Techniques Green Fluorescent Proteins Immunohistochemistry In Situ Hybridization Microscopy, Confocal Molecular Sequence Data Sequence Analysis, DNA Zebrafish Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Multidisciplinary |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Multidisciplinary |
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