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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Palumbi, Stephen R. Hosfelt, Jessica D. Young, Megan K. Pespeni, Melissa H. Russell, Ann D. Gaylord, Brian Hill, Tessa M. Jaris, Hannah K. Lavigne, Michèle Sanford, Eric Lenz, Elizabeth A. |
| Description | Author Affiliation: Pespeni MH ( Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA. mpespeni@indiana.edu); |
| Abstract | Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide $(CO_{2})$ conditions are driving unprecedented changes in seawater chemistry, resulting in reduced pH and carbonate ion concentrations in the Earth’s oceans. This ocean acidification has negative but variable impacts on individual performance in many marine species. However, little is known about the adaptive capacity of species to respond to an acidified ocean, and, as a result, predictions regarding future ecosystem responses remain incomplete. Here we demonstrate that ocean acidification generates striking patterns of genome-wide selection in purple sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) cultured under different $CO_{2}$ levels. We examined genetic change at 19,493 loci in larvae from seven adult populations cultured under realistic future $CO_{2}$ levels. Although larval development and morphology showed little response to elevated $CO_{2},$ we found substantial allelic change in 40 functional classes of proteins involving hundreds of loci. Pronounced genetic changes, including excess amino acid replacements, were detected in all populations and occurred in genes for biomineralization, lipid metabolism, and ion homeostasis—gene classes that build skeletons and interact in pH regulation. Such genetic change represents a neglected and important impact of ocean acidification that may influence populations that show few outward signs of response to acidification. Our results demonstrate the capacity for rapid evolution in the face of ocean acidification and show that standing genetic variation could be a reservoir of resilience to climate change in this coastal upwelling ecosystem. However, effective response to strong natural selection demands large population sizes and may be limited in species impacted by other environmental stressors. |
| ISSN | 00278424 |
| e-ISSN | 10916490 |
| Journal | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| Issue Number | 17 |
| Volume Number | 110 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | National Academy of Sciences |
| Publisher Date | 2013-04-01 |
| Publisher Place | United States |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Adaptation, Biological Genetics Climate Change Evolution, Molecular Genetic Variation Seawater Chemistry Strongylocentrotus Purpuratus Animals Carbon Dioxide Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Larva Growth & Development Metabolism Metagenomics Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Multidisciplinary |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Multidisciplinary |
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