NDLI: Inbreeding drives maize centromere evolution.

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Inbreeding drives maize centromere evolution.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Wolfgruber, Thomas K. Schneider, Kevin L. Xie, Zidian Presting, Gernot G.
Description	Author Affiliation: Schneider KL ( Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822.); Xie Z ( Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822.); Wolfgruber TK ( Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822.); Presting GG ( Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 gernot@hawaii.edu.);
Abstract	Functional centromeres, the chromosomal sites of spindle attachment during cell division, are marked epigenetically by the centromere-specific histone H3 variant cenH3 and typically contain long stretches of centromere-specific tandem DNA repeats (â ¼1.8 Mb in maize). In 23 inbreds of domesticated maize chosen to represent the genetic diversity of maize germplasm, partial or nearly complete loss of the tandem DNA repeat CentC precedes 57 independent cenH3 relocation events that result in neocentromere formation. Chromosomal regions with newly acquired cenH3 are colonized by the centromere-specific retrotransposon CR2 at a rate that would result in centromere-sized CR2 clusters in 20,000-95,000 y. Three lines of evidence indicate that CentC loss is linked to inbreeding, including (i) CEN10 of temperate lineages, presumed to have experienced a genetic bottleneck, contain less CentC than their tropical relatives; (ii) strong selection for centromere-linked genes in domesticated maize reduced diversity at seven of the ten maize centromeres to only one or two postdomestication haplotypes; and (iii) the centromere with the largest number of haplotypes in domesticated maize (CEN7) has the highest CentC levels in nearly all domesticated lines. Rare recombinations introduced one (CEN2) or more (CEN5) alternate CEN haplotypes while retaining a single haplotype at domestication loci linked to these centromeres. Taken together, this evidence strongly suggests that inbreeding, favored by postdomestication selection for centromere-linked genes affecting key domestication or agricultural traits, drives replacement of the tandem centromere repeats in maize and other crop plants. Similar forces may act during speciation in natural systems.
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	8
Volume Number	113
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	2016-02-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Centromere Genetics Chromosomes, Plant Epigenesis, Genetic Evolution, Molecular Inbreeding Retroelements Zea Mays Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Multidisciplinary
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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