NDLI: $Ca^{2+}$ influx-linked protein kinase C activity regulates the β-catenin localization, micromere induction signalling and the oral–aboral axis formation in early sea urchin embryos

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$Ca^{2+}$ influx-linked protein kinase C activity regulates the β-catenin localization, micromere induction signalling and the oral–aboral axis formation in early sea urchin embryos

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$Ca^{2+}$ influx-linked protein kinase C activity regulates the β-catenin localization, micromere induction signalling and the oral–aboral axis formation in early sea urchin embryos

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Yazaki, Ikuko Tsurugaya, Toko Santella, Luigia Chun, Jong Tai Amore, Gabriele Kusunoki, Shinichiro Asada, Akiko Togo, Tatsuru Akasaka, Koji
Description	Country affiliation: Japan Author Affiliation: Yazaki I ( Department of Biological Sciences,Tokyo Metropolitan University,Minamiohsawa 1-1,Hachiohji-shi,Tokyo 192-0397,Japan.); Tsurugaya T ( Misaki Marine Biological Station,University of Tokyo,Miura,Japan.); Santella L ( Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn,Villa Comunale 1-80121 Napoli,Italy.); Chun JT ( Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn,Villa Comunale 1-80121 Napoli,Italy.); Amore G ( Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn,Villa Comunale 1-80121 Napoli,Italy.); Kusunoki S ( LSL Co. Ltd,Nerima-ku Tokyo 178-0061,Japan.); Asada A ( Department of Biological Sciences,Tokyo Metropolitan University,Minamiohsawa 1-1,Hachiohji-shi,Tokyo 192-0397,Japan.); Togo T ( Department of Anatomy,St. Marianna University School of Medicine,Sugao,Kawasaki,Kanagawa 216-8511,Japan.); Akasaka K ( Misaki Marine Biological Station,University of Tokyo,Miura,Japan.)
Abstract	Sea urchin embryos initiate cell specifications at the 16-cell stage by forming the mesomeres, macromeres and micromeres according to the relative position of the cells in the animal-vegetal axis. The most vegetal cells, micromeres, autonomously differentiate into skeletons and induce the neighbouring macromere cells to become mesoendoderm in the ß-catenin-dependent Wnt8 signalling pathway. Although the underlying molecular mechanism for this progression is largely unknown, we have previously reported that the initial events might be triggered by the Ca2+ influxes through the egg-originated L-type Ca2+ channels distributed asymmetrically along the animal-vegetal axis and through the stretch-dependent Ca2+channels expressed specifically in the micromere at the 4th cleavage. In this communication, we have examined whether one of the earliest Ca2+ targets, protein kinase C (PKC), plays a role in cell specification upstream of ß-catenin. To this end, we surveyed the expression pattern of ß-catenin in early embryos in the presence or absence of the specific peptide inhibitor of Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus PKC (HpPKC-I). Unlike previous knowledge, we have found that the initial nuclear entrance of ß-catenin does not take place in the micromeres, but in the macromeres at the 16-cell stage. Using the HpPKC-I, we have demonstrated further that PKC not only determines cell-specific nucleation of ß-catenin, but also regulates a variety of cell specification events in the early sea urchin embryos by modulating the cell adhesion structures, actin dynamics, intracellular Ca2+ signalling, and the expression of key transcription factors.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	09671994
e-ISSN	14698730
DOI	10.1017/S0967199414000033
Journal	Zygote
Issue Number	3
Volume Number	23
Language	English
Publisher	Cambridge University Press
Publisher Date	2015-06-01
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Embryology Calcium Metabolism Protein Kinase C Sea Urchins Embryology Beta Catenin Actins Amino Acid Sequence Animals Ectoderm Drug Effects Embryo, Nonmammalian Cytology Gastrula Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Molecular Sequence Data Mouth Antagonists & Inhibitors Protein Kinase Inhibitors Pharmacology Signal Transduction Genetics Immunology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cell Biology Developmental Biology

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Ca2+ influx-linked protein kinase C activity regulates the β-catenin localization, micromere induction signalling and the oral–aboral axis formation in early sea urchin embryos

Gene regulatory networks for ectoderm specification in sea urchin embryos

Multiple signaling events specify ectoderm and pattern the oral-aboral axis in the sea urchin embryo

Encoding regulatory state boundaries in the pregastrular oral ectoderm of the sea urchin embryo.

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Phorbol esters alter cell fate during development of sea urchin embryos

Modulation of nucleosome structure by histone subtypes in sea urchin embryos.

$Ca^{2+}$ influx-linked protein kinase C activity regulates the β-catenin localization, micromere induction signalling and the oral–aboral axis formation in early sea urchin embryos

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Ca2+ influx-linked protein kinase C activity regulates the β-catenin localization, micromere induction signalling and the oral–aboral axis formation in early sea urchin embryos

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$Ca^{2+}$ influx-linked protein kinase C activity regulates the β-catenin localization, micromere induction signalling and the oral–aboral axis formation in early sea urchin embryos