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Correlation between maternal and infant cortisol varies by breastfeeding status.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Benjamin Neelon, Sara E. Stroo, Marissa Mayhew, Meghan Maselko, Joanna Hoyo, Cathrine
Description	Author Affiliation: Benjamin Neelon SE ( Duke University Medical Center, 2200 W Main Street, DUMC 104006, Durham 27705, United States. Electronic address: sara.neelon@jhu.edu.); Stroo M ( Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, United States.); Mayhew M ( Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, United States.); Maselko J ( Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center and Duke Global Health Institute, United States.); Hoyo C ( Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, United States.)
Abstract	OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine associations of mother and infant salivary cortisol, measured three times over the course of a day, and assess whether these varied by breastfeeding status. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 54 mothers and their infants aged 4-11 months. Mothers collected their own saliva and that of their infants upon awakening, 30min after waking and at bedtime. Breastfeeding status was reported by mothers and cortisol level was measured in saliva in µg/dl using standard techniques. We used generalized linear models to evaluate relationships between maternal and infant cortisol levels, and assessed whether the relationship differed by breastfeeding status: formula only compared to partial and full breastfeeding, adjusting for infant sex, race, age, maternal education, and family income. RESULTS: Thirty-four infants received formula only and 20 were either partially or fully breastfed. Breastfeeding was associated with higher household income, higher maternal education, and white race. Cortisol levels were higher among breastfed infants at all three time points. After adjustment, maternal cortisol levels were related with infant cortisol at bedtime only (regression estimate 0.06; 95% CI: 0.10, 1.1; p=0.02). The adjusted association between bedtime maternal and infant cortisol was stronger among breastfeeding dyads than among formula-feeding dyads (regression estimate 1.0; 95% CI: 0.1, 2.0; p=0.04 vs. 0.6; CI: -0.1, 1.3; p=0.10). In addition, we assessed the influence of maternal education and household income in our adjusted model; income strengthened the observed association, whereas maternal education did not change the estimate. CONCLUSIONS: Breastfeeding mothers and infants had significant correlations for cortisol at bedtime, while formula-feeding dyads did not. These data suggest that several factors may contribute to cortisol synchrony observed in mother/infant dyads, including the transfer of cortisol in human milk, physical interaction such as skin-to-skin contact, and shared environment. In addition, our findings support household income as a possible contributor.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	01636383
e-ISSN	19348800
DOI	10.1016/j.infbeh.2015.06.005
Journal	Infant Behavior and Development
Volume Number	40
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier
Publisher Date	2015-08-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Behavioral Sciences Discipline Pediatrics Breast Feeding Psychology Hydrocortisone Metabolism Aging Physiology Body Weight Cross-sectional Studies Educational Status Ethnic Groups Infant Infant Food Linear Models Saliva Chemistry Sex Characteristics Socioeconomic Factors Stress, Psychological Observational Study Research Support, N.i.h., Extramural
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Developmental and Educational Psychology

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