NDLI: Identification of polymer types and additives in marine microplastic particles using pyrolysis-GC/MS and scanning electron microscopy.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Fries, Elke Dekiff, Jens H. Willmeyer, Jana Nuelle, Marie-Theres Ebert, Martin Remy, Dominique
Spatial Coverage	Germany
Description	Country affiliation: Germany Author Affiliation: Fries E ( Institute of Environmental Systems Research, University of Osnabrueck, Barbarastraße 12, D-49076 Osnabrueck, Germany. e.fries@brgm.fr.)
Abstract	Any assessment of plastic contamination in the marine environment requires knowledge of the polymer type and the additive content of microplastics. Sequential pyrolysis-gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (Pyr-GC/MS) was applied to simultaneously identify polymer types of microplastic particles and associated organic plastic additives (OPAs). In addition, a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray microanalyser was used to identify the inorganic plastic additives (IPAs) contained in these particles. A total of ten particles, which were optically identified as potentially being plastics, were extracted from two sediment samples collected from Norderney, a North Sea island, by density separation in sodium chloride. The weights of these blue, white and transparent fragments varied between 10 and 350 µg. Polymer types were identified by comparing the resulting pyrograms with those obtained from the pyrolysis of selected standard polymers. The particles consisted of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene, polystyrene, polyamide, chlorinated PE and chlorosulfonated PE. The polymers contained diethylhexyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, benzaldehyde and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol. Sequential Py-GC/MS was found to be an appropriate tool for identifying marine microplastics for polymer types and OPAs. The IPAs identified were titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs), barium, sulphur and zinc. When polymer-TiO2 composites are degraded in the marine environment, TiO2-NPs are probably released. Thus, marine microplastics may act as a TiO2-NP source, which has not yet been considered.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	20507887
Issue Number	10
Volume Number	15
e-ISSN	20507895
Journal	Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Publisher Date	2013-10-01
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Discipline Environmental Health Environmental Monitoring Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry Polymers Isolation & Purification Seawater Analysis Water Pollutants, Chemical Coloring Agents Chemistry Instrumentation Methods Germany Microscopy, Electrochemical, Scanning Particle Size Plasticizers Surface Properties Journal Article
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

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