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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Louis, Yohan D. Bhagooli, Ranjeet Kenkel, Carly D. Baker, Andrew C. Dyall, Sabrina D. |
| Description | Country affiliation: Mauritius Author Affiliation: Louis YD ( Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius.); Bhagooli R ( Department of Marine & Ocean Science, Fisheries & Mariculture, Faculty of Ocean Studies, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius. Electronic address: r.bhagooli@uom.ac.mu.); Kenkel CD ( Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville MC, QLD 4810, Australia.); Baker AC ( Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL, USA.); Dyall SD ( Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius.) |
| Abstract | Gene expression biomarkers (GEBs) are emerging as powerful diagnostic tools for identifying and characterizing coral stress. Their capacity to detect sublethal stress prior to the onset of signs at the organismal level that might already indicate significant damage makes them more precise and proactive compared to traditional monitoring techniques. A high number of candidate GEBs, including certain heat shock protein genes, metabolic genes, oxidative stress genes, immune response genes, ion transport genes, and structural genes have been investigated, and some genes, including hsp16, Cacna1, MnSOD, SLC26, and Nf-kB, are already showing excellent potential as reliable indicators of thermal stress in corals. In this mini-review, we synthesize the current state of knowledge of scleractinian coral GEBs and highlight gaps in our understanding that identify directions for future work. We also address the underlying sources of variation that have sometimes led to contrasting results between studies, such as differences in experimental set-up and approach, intrinsic variation in the expression profiles of different experimental organisms (such as between different colonies or their algal symbionts), diel cycles, varying thermal history, and different expression thresholds. Despite advances in our understanding there is still no universally accepted biomarker of thermal stress, the molecular response of corals to heat stress is still unclear, and biomarker research in Symbiodinium still lags behind that of the host. These gaps should be addressed in future work. |
| File Format | HTM / HTML |
| ISSN | 15320456 |
| Volume Number | 191 |
| Journal | Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Publisher Date | 2017-01-01 |
| Publisher Place | United States |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Discipline Toxicology Discipline Pharmacology Anthozoa Genetics Heat-shock Response Temperature Animals Metabolism Ecosystem Environmental Monitoring Methods Gene Expression Regulation Genetic Markers Symbiosis Journal Article Review |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Cell Biology Physiology Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Medicine Aquatic Science Biochemistry Toxicology Animal Science and Zoology |
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