NDLI: Near-infrared activatable phthalocyanine-poly-L-glutamic acid conjugate: increased cellular uptake and light-dark toxicity ratio toward an effective photodynamic cancer therapy.

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Near-infrared activatable phthalocyanine-poly-L-glutamic acid conjugate: increased cellular uptake and light-dark toxicity ratio toward an effective photodynamic cancer therapy.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Kiew, Lik Voon Cheah, Hoay Yan Voon, Siew Hui Gallon, Elena Movellan, Julie Ng, Kia Hui Alpugan, Serkan Lee, Hong Boon Dumoulin, Fabienne Vicent, María J. Chung, Lip Yong
Description	Country affiliation: Malaysia Author Affiliation: Kiew LV ( Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.); Cheah HY ( Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.); Voon SH ( Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.); Gallon E ( Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, Valencia, Spain.); Movellan J ( Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, Valencia, Spain.); Ng KH ( Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.); Alpugan S ( Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, P.O Box 141, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.); Lee HB ( Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.); Dumoulin F ( Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, P.O Box 141, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey. Electronic address: fdumoulin@gtu.edu.tr.); Vicent MJ ( Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: mjvicent@cipf.es.); Chung LY ( Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: chungly@hotmail.com.)
Abstract	In photodynamic therapy (PDT), the low absorptivity of photosensitizers in an aqueous environment reduces singlet oxygen generation efficiency and thereby decreases photosensitizing efficacy in biological conditions. To circumvent this problem, we designed a phthalocyanine-poly-L-glutamic acid conjugate (1-PG) made from a new phthalocyanine (Pc 1) monofunctionalized to allow adequate conjugation to PGA. The resulting 1-PG conjugate retained high absorptivity in the near-infrared (NIR) region at its λ 675nm in an aqueous environment. The 1-PG conjugate demonstrated good singlet oxygen generation efficiency, increased uptake by 4 T1 breast cancer cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and enhanced photocytotoxic efficacy. The conjugate also displayed a high light-dark toxicity ratio, approximately 1.5-fold greater than zinc phthalocyanine at higher concentration (10 µM), an important feature for the reduction of dark toxicity and unwanted side effects. These results suggest that the 1-PG conjugate could be a useful alternative for deep tissue treatment with enhanced anti-cancer (PDT) efficacy.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	15499634
Journal	Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine
e-ISSN	15499642
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Nanotechnology Discipline Biotechnology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Medicine Molecular Medicine Bioengineering Biomedical Engineering Pharmaceutical Science

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