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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Gauthier, Patrick T. Norwood, Warren P. Prepas, Ellie E. Pyle, Greg G. |
| Description | Author Affiliation: Gauthier PT ( Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada P7B 5E1. Electronic address: pgauthi1@lakeheadu.ca.); Norwood WP ( Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada L7R 4A6.); Prepas EE ( Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada P7B 5E1.); Pyle GG ( Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K 3M4.) |
| Abstract | Mixtures of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) occur ubiquitously in aquatic environments, yet relatively little is known regarding their combined toxicities. Emerging reports investigating the additive mortality in metal-PAH mixtures have indicated that more-than-additive effects are equally as common as strictly-additive effects, raising concern for ecological risk assessment typically based on the summation of individual toxicities. Moreover, the current separation of focus between in vivo and in vitro studies, and fine- and coarse-scale endpoints, creates uncertainty regarding the mechanisms of co-toxicity involved in more-than-additive effects on whole organisms. Drawing from literature on metal and PAH toxicity in bacteria, protozoa, invertebrates, fish, and mammalian models, this review outlines several key mechanistic interactions likely to promote more-than-additive toxicity in metal-PAH mixtures. Namely, the deleterious effects of PAHs on membrane integrity and permeability to metals, the potential for metal-PAH complexation, the inhibitory nature of metals to the detoxification of PAHs via the cytochrome P450 pathway, the inhibitory nature of PAHs towards the detoxification of metals via metallothionein, and the potentiated production of reactive oxygenated species (ROS) in certain metal (e.g. Cu) and PAH (e.g., phenanthrenequinone) mixtures. Moreover, the mutual inhibition of detoxification suggests the possibility of positive feedback among these mechanisms. The individual toxicities and interactive aspects of contaminant transport, detoxification, and the production of ROS are herein discussed. |
| File Format | HTM / HTML |
| ISSN | 0166445X |
| Journal | Aquatic Toxicology |
| Volume Number | 154 |
| e-ISSN | 18791514 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Publisher Date | 2014-09-01 |
| Publisher Place | Netherlands |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Discipline Toxicology Metals Toxicity Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Water Pollutants, Chemical Animals Drug Synergism Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Review |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Aquatic Science |
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