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Age- and speed-related differences in harmonic ratios during walking.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Lowry, K. A. Lokenvitz, N. Smiley-Oyen, A. L.
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Lowry KA ( Division of Geriatric Medicine, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Kaufmann Medical Bldg Suite 500, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. kal121@pitt.edu)
Abstract	Harmonic ratios (HRs), derived from trunk accelerations, measure smoothness of trunk motion during gait; higher ratios indicate greater smoothness. Previous research indicates that young adults optimize HRs at preferred pace, exhibiting reduced HRs at speeds faster and slower than preferred. Recent studies examining HRs and other trunk acceleration measures challenge this finding. The purpose of this study was to examine age-related differences in HRs across a range of self-selected overground walking speeds. Anteroposterior (AP), vertical (VT), and mediolateral (ML) HRs were examined in 13 young adults (ages 20-23), 13 healthy older adults (ages 60-69), and 13 healthy old-old adults (ages 80-86) while walking overground at very slow, slow, preferred, fast, and very fast speeds. Young and older adults exhibited similar HRs in all directions of motion across speeds, while old-old adults exhibited lower AP- and VT-HRs. All groups exhibited reduced HRs at speeds slower than preferred. However, there were no differences in HRs between preferred and faster speeds, with the exception of reduced VT-HRs in the very fast condition for the older groups. The ML-HR was not different between groups, and varied less across speeds. Stride time variability exhibited inverse relations with, and independently contributed to, HRs across speeds; lower stride time variability was associated with greater smoothness of trunk motion. Older groups were not disproportionately affected by walking more slowly and smoothness of trunk motion did not show a clear pattern of optimization at preferred pace for any group.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	09666362
Issue Number	2
Volume Number	35
e-ISSN	18792219
Journal	Gait & Posture
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier
Publisher Date	2012-02-01
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Research Support, N.i.h., Extramural Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Discipline Orthopedics Comparative Study Age Factors Gait Humans Middle Aged Homeostasis Male Reference Values Predictive Value Of Tests Journal Article Young Adult Aging Adult Female Physiology Linear Models Aged, 80 And Over Walking Range Of Motion, Articular Energy Metabolism Aged Analysis Of Variance Acceleration Postural Balance Cohort Studies
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Rehabilitation Biophysics Sports Science

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Age- and speed-related differences in harmonic ratios during walking.

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