NDLI: Toxicity of major cations and anions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, and SO4(2-)) to a macrophyte and an alga.

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Toxicity of major cations and anions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, and SO4(2-)) to a macrophyte and an alga.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Simmons, Jeffrey A.
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Simmons JA ( Science Department, Mount St. Mary's University, Emmitsburg, Maryland, USA. simmons@msmary.edu)
Abstract	In many freshwater systems around the world, the concentrations of major ions (Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Cl(-), HCO(3)(-), CO(3)(2-), and SO(4)(2-)) are exhibiting increasing trends, approaching the concentrations historically found mainly in estuaries. The objectives of the present study were to determine at what concentrations these salts are toxic to an aquatic plant and a green alga, to investigate two potential mechanisms of toxicity, and to determine the usefulness of conductivity as an indicator of salt toxicity. In a series of laboratory trials, Lemna minor and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata were exposed to a range of concentrations of five different salts. Conductivity levels that caused 10 or 50% reductions in growth-related traits (EC10 and EC50, respectively) were determined, using conductivity of the test solutions as the independent variable. The EC10 values ranged from 0.44 to 2.67 mS/cm for P. subcapitata and from 1.3 to >19 mS/cm for L. minor. The EC50 values ranged from 1.7 to 5.8 mS/cm for P. subcapitata and from 4.2 to >27 mS/cm for L. minor. For both species the EC values varied dramatically among the salts. Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was most sensitive to KCl and NaCl, whereas L. minor was most sensitive to Na(2)SO(4). The mechanism of toxicity does not appear to be related to production of reactive oxygen species, nor to reduction in chlorophyll concentrations. Because toxicity was strongly influenced by salt composition, regulation and management of specific ions may be preferable to conductivity.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	07307268
Issue Number	6
Volume Number	31
e-ISSN	15528618
Journal	Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley
Publisher Date	2012-06-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Water Pollutants, Chemical Chlorophyll Calcium Toxicity Discipline Environmental Health Estuaries Discipline Toxicology Metabolism Sulfates Drug Effects Journal Article Anions Chemistry Araceae Chlorophyta Sodium Discipline Chemistry Physiology Cations Fresh Water Potassium
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

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