NDLI: Comparison of earthworm and chemical assays of the bioavailability of aged 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane, and heavy metals in orchard soils

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Comparison of earthworm and chemical assays of the bioavailability of aged 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane, and heavy metals in orchard soils

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Comparison of earthworm and chemical assays of the bioavailability of aged 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane, and heavy metals in orchard soils

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Gaw, Sally Northcott, Grant Kim, Nick Wilkins, Alistair Jensen, Joanne
Spatial Coverage	New Zealand
Description	Country affiliation: New Zealand Author Affiliation: Gaw S ( The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand. sally.gaw@canterbury.ac.nz)
Abstract	Orchard soils can contain elevated concentrations of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p′-DDE), 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p′-DDT), and heavy metals as a result of historical agrichemical applications. The bioavailability of p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDT, As, Cd, Cu, and Pb from five field-aged New Zealand orchards and three grazing soils was assessed by using a 28-d bioassay with Aporrectodea caliginosa and chemical assays. Significant relationships were found between total soil and earthworm tissue concentrations for p,p′-DDE (p < 0.001), p,p′-DDT (p < 0.001), Cu (p < 0.001), and Pb (p < 0.01). Two neutral salt solutions, 0.01 M $CaCl_{2}$ and 1 M $NH_{4}NO_{3},$ were used as surrogate measures of the bioavailability of heavy metals. Copper was the only heavy metal for which significant correlations were found between neutral-salt-extractable and earthworm tissue concentrations (p < 0.001). Up to 28% of the aged DDT residues were released from the soils by Tenax over a 24-h extraction period. Significant relationships (p < 0.01) between the Tenax-extractable and earthworm tissue concentrations for p,p′-DDE and p,p′-DDT showed that Tenax provides a good surrogate measure of the bioavailability of these compounds to A. caliginosa. Surprisingly, there was a similarly significant relationship (p < 0.001) between the total soil and earthworm tissue concentrations for p,p′-DDE and p,p′-DDT, suggesting that total soil concentrations alone were sufficient to predict uptake by A. caliginosa. These results demonstrate that the aged agrichemical residues in orchard soils, and particularly p,p′-DDE and p,p′-DDT, remain highly bioavailable to A. caliginosa despite decades of weathering and continue to present an environmental risk. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:1306–1316. © 2012 SETAC
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	07307268
Issue Number	6
Volume Number	31
e-ISSN	15528618
Journal	Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley
Publisher Date	2012-06-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Soil Pollutants Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Environmental Monitoring Comparative Study Discipline Environmental Health Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene Discipline Toxicology Metals, Heavy Metabolism Oligochaeta Journal Article New Zealand Chemistry Animals Ddt Analysis Soil Discipline Chemistry Agriculture
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

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Serum Concentrations of 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) and Risk of Primary Liver Cancer

Metabolic Conversion of 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD) to 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) in the Male F344/NCr Rat

Metabolic Fate of p,p'-DDT [1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane] in Rats

Thyroid disruptor 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) prevents internalization of TSH receptor

Inhibition of the Hill reaction and photophosphorylation by 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT).

Dechlorination of 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane by Aerobacter aerogenes

Evidence for Dual Binding Sites for 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) in Insect Sodium Channels

Inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport by 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) at a site before photosystem. 2.

Products Formed from Analogues of 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-Bis(p-Chlorophenyl) Ethane (DDT) Metabolites by Pseudomonas putida

Comparison of earthworm and chemical assays of the bioavailability of aged 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane, and heavy metals in orchard soils

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Comparison of earthworm and chemical assays of the bioavailability of aged 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane, and heavy metals in orchard soils