NDLI: Phototoxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles under solar radiation to two aquatic species: Daphnia magna and Japanese medaka.

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Phototoxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles under solar radiation to two aquatic species: Daphnia magna and Japanese medaka.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Ma, Hongbo Brennan, Amanda Diamond, Stephen A.
Description	Author Affiliation: Ma H ( U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota.)
Abstract	One target of development and application of TiO(2) nanoparticles (nano-TiO(2) ) is photochemical degradation of contaminants and photo-killing of microbes and fouling organisms. However, few ecotoxicological studies have focused on this aspect of nano-TiO(2) , specifically whether this photoreactivity might significantly increase hazard and risk of the materials in the natural environment. In the present study, we evaluated acute phototoxicity of nano-TiO(2) under simulated solar radiation (SSR) to two aquatic species-Daphnia magna and Japanese medaka, using 48-h and 96-h assays, respectively. A thorough characterization of the exposure system was performed by measuring particle agglomeration and TiO(2) concentration in suspension in a time-course manner. Sedimentation and loss of bulk concentration of nano-TiO(2) particles occurred at all concentrations above 2 mg/L and was more significant as concentration increased. Phototoxicity of nano-TiO(2) under SSR was enhanced by two to four orders of magnitude as compared to toxicity under ambient laboratory light, with a 48-h median lethal concentration (LC50) of 29.8 µg/L in D. magna and a 96-h LC50 of 2.2 mg/L in medaka. Our results also indicate that these effects are dependent on simultaneous exposure of the organisms to nanoparticles and SSR. This dramatic increase in toxicity of nano-TiO(2) at environmentally realistic levels of SSR indicates the need to incorporate this mode of action into risk assessment for nano-TiO(2) and other photoreactive nanomaterials.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	07307268
Issue Number	7
Volume Number	31
e-ISSN	15528618
Journal	Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley
Publisher Date	2012-07-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Water Pollutants, Chemical Research Support, U.s. Gov't, Non-p.h.s. Oryzias Toxicity Discipline Environmental Health Discipline Toxicology Toxicity Tests, Acute Lethal Dose 50 Drug Effects Journal Article Nanoparticles Growth & Development Animals Larva Daphnia Sunlight Titanium Discipline Chemistry
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

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