NDLI: The novel c-Met inhibitor cabozantinib overcomes gemcitabine resistance and stem cell signaling in pancreatic cancer.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Hage, C. Rausch, V. Giese, N. Giese, T. Schönsiegel, F. Labsch, S. Nwaeburu, C. Mattern, J. Gladkich, J. Herr, I.
Description	Country affiliation: Germany Author Affiliation: Hage C ( Department of Experimental Medicine, Molecular OncoSurgery Group, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.)
Abstract	Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is one of the most lethal malignancies. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are not targeted by current therapies, may be the reason for pronounced therapy resistance. A new treatment option in phase II trials is cabozantinib that inhibits the pancreatic CSC surface marker and tyrosine kinase receptor c-Met. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cabozantinib to stem-like features and therapy resistance. Established PDA cell lines, a gemcitabine-resistant subclone, non-malignant pancreatic ductal cells and primary spheroidal cultures from patient tumors were analyzed by MTT-assay, flow cytometry, colony and spheroid formation assays, western blotting, qRT-PCR, antibody protein array, immunohistochemistry and morphological features. Cabozantinib inhibited viability and spheroid formation and induced apoptosis in malignant cells with minor effects in non-malignant cells. After long-term cabozantinib treatment, PDA cells had altered anti- and pro-apoptotic signaling, but still responded to cabozantinib, as apoptosis only slightly decreased and viability only slightly increased suggesting a low resistance-inducing potential of cabozantinib. In parallel, c-Met expression and the pluripotency transcription factor SOX2 were downregulated, which might counteract development of full therapy resistance in long-term treated subclones. In single-treatment studies, cabozantinib increased efficacy of gemcitabine. Most importantly, cabozantinib strongly induced apoptosis and reduced viability in PDA cell lines, which are completely resistant toward gemcitabine. In primary, CSC-enriched spheroidal cultures cabozantinib downregulated CSC markers SOX2, c-Met and CD133 and induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that the clinical use of cabozantinib may be more effective than current chemotherapeutics.
File Format	HTM / HTML
e-ISSN	20414889
DOI	10.1038/cddis.2013.158
Journal	Cell Death and Disease
Volume Number	4
Language	English
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Publisher Date	2013-05-09
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal Cytology Drug Resistance, Neoplasm Antagonists & Inhibitors Anilides Stem Cells Down-regulation Pancreatic Neoplasms Pyridines Soxb1 Transcription Factors Signal Transduction Drug Therapy Pharmacology Metabolism Drug Effects Therapeutic Use Discipline Cell Biology Pathology Deoxycytidine Proto-oncogene Proteins C-met Cell Line, Tumor Analogs & Derivatives Apoptosis
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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