NDLI: Geometric somersaults of a polymer chain through cyclic twisting motions

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Year: 2017 Volume: 95

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Dimensional reduction in Bose-Einstein condensed clouds of atoms confined in tight potentials of any geometry and any interaction strength.

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Geometric somersaults of a polymer chain through cyclic twisting motions

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Geometric somersaults of a polymer chain through cyclic twisting motions

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Yanao, Tomohiro Hino, Taiko
Description	Country affiliation: Japan Author Affiliation: Yanao T ( Department of Applied Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.); Hino T ( Department of Applied Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.)
Abstract	This study explores the significance of geometric angle shifts, which we call geometric somersaults, arising from cyclic twisting motions of a polymer chain. A five-bead polymer chain serves as a concise and minimal model of a molecular shaft throughout this study. We first show that this polymer chain can change its orientation about its longitudinal axis largely, e.g., $ 120 ^{ ∘ } $ , under conditions of zero total angular momentum by changing the two dihedral angles in a cyclic manner. This phenomenon is an example of the so-called “falling cat” phenomenon, where a falling cat undergoes a geometric somersault by changing its body shape under conditions of zero total angular momentum. We then extend the geometric somersault of the polymer chain to a noisy and viscous environment, where the polymer chain is steered by external driving forces. This extension shows that the polymer chain can achieve an orientation change keeping its total angular momentum and total external torque fluctuating around zero in a noisy and viscous environment. As an application, we argue that the geometric somersault of the polymer chain by $ 120 ^{ ∘ } $ may serve as a prototypical and coarse-grained model for the rotary motion of the central shaft of ATP synthase ( $ F _{ O } F _{ 1 } $ -ATPase). This geometric somersault is in clear contrast to the standard picture for the rotary motion of the central shaft as a rigid body, which generally incurs nonzero total angular momentum and nonzero total external torque. The power profile of the geometric somersault implies a preliminary mechanism for elastic power transmission. The results of this study may be of fundamental interest in twisting and rotary motions of biomolecules.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	24700045
e-ISSN	24700053
Journal	Physical Review E
Issue Number	1-1
Volume Number	95
Language	English
Publisher	American Physical Society
Publisher Date	2017-01-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Statistical and Nonlinear Physics many-body systems Condensed Matter Physics
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Statistics and Probability Statistical and Nonlinear Physics Condensed Matter Physics

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