NDLI: Hyperplasticity in Autism Spectrum Disorder confers protection from Alzheimer's disease.

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Hyperplasticity in Autism Spectrum Disorder confers protection from Alzheimer's disease.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Oberman, Lindsay M. Pascual-Leone, Alvaro
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Oberman LM ( Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Brain Stimulation and Cognitive Training, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, United States.); Pascual-Leone A ( Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Brain Stimulation and Cognitive Training, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, United States. Electronic address: apleone@bidmc.harvard.edu.)
Abstract	Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) currently affects approximately 1% of the population causing grave disability and necessitating a better understanding of the currently enigmatic etiology of these disorders. Recent data suggest that some patients with ASD may have a dysfunction in brain plasticity (specifically data from animal models and human studies suggest a propensity toward excessive amount of plasticity). Plasticity is essential to the establishment and maintenance of brain circuitry; however, too much plasticity may lead to instability of structural connections and compromise of functional systems necessary for cognition and behavior. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that plasticity declines throughout the age-span and may underlie age-related cognitive decline. We hypothesize that individuals whose cortex begins as relatively 'hyperplastic' (such as may be seen in ASD) should then be relatively protected from age-related cognitive decline (which we suggest is related to a reduction in plasticity). In the current study, we conducted a multiple linear regression using age and diagnosis as predictor variables in order to evaluate strength of the relationship between age, diagnosis or an interaction of the two factors and the degree of modulation in cortical excitability by transcranial magnetic stimulation as an index of cortical plasticity. Results indicate that across the age-span individuals with ASD show a consistently increased modulation of cortical excitability as compared to typically developing individuals, such that the general slope of decline across the age span is matched across both groups. We have argued that an individual's risk of age-related cognitive decline (and risk for manifesting symptoms of dementia) depends on the individual's starting point and slopes of change in plasticity efficiency over the lifespan. Therefore, our results suggest that individuals with ASD might be relatively protected from age-related cognitive decline and the risk of dementia.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	03069877
e-ISSN	15322777
DOI	10.1016/j.mehy.2014.06.008
Journal	Medical Hypotheses
Issue Number	3
Volume Number	83
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier
Publisher Date	2014-09-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Medical theory Alzheimer Disease Physiopathology Autism Spectrum Disorder Neuronal Plasticity Physiology Adolescent Aging Prevention & Control Complications Brain Case-control Studies Cognition Cognition Disorders Cohort Studies Phenotype Regression Analysis Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Research Support, N.i.h., Extramural Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine

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