NDLI: Validation of smoke inhalation therapy to treat microbial infections.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Braithwaite, M. Van Vuuren, S. F. Viljoen, A. M.
Spatial Coverage	South Africa
Description	Country affiliation: South Africa Author Affiliation: Braithwaite M ( Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.)
Abstract	AIM OF THE STUDY: In traditional healing, the burning of selected indigenous medicinal plants and the inhalation of the liberated smoke are widely accepted and a practiced route of administration. This study elucidated the rationale behind this commonly practiced treatment by examining the antimicrobial activity for five indigenous South African medicinal plants commonly administered through inhalation (Artemisia afra, Heteropyxis natalensis, Myrothamnus flabellifolius, Pellaea calomelanos and Tarchonanthus camphoratus). MATERIAL AND METHODS: An apparatus was designed to simulate the burning process that occurs in a traditional setting and the smoke fraction was captured for analysis and bioassay. Methanol and acetone extracts as well as the essential oil (for the aromatic species) were prepared and assayed in parallel with the smoke fraction. RESULTS: Antimicrobial data revealed that in most cases, the 'smoke-extract' obtained after burning had lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values than the corresponding solvent extracts and essential oils. The combustion, acetone and methanol extracts produced different chromatographic profiles as demonstrated for Pellaea calomelanos where several compounds noted in the smoke fraction were not present in the other extracts. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the combustion process produces an 'extract' with superior antimicrobial activity and provides in vitro evidence for inhalation of medicinal smoke as an efficient mode of administration in traditional healing.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	03788741
Issue Number	3
Volume Number	119
e-ISSN	18727573
Journal	Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier
Publisher Date	2008-10-28
Publisher Place	Ireland
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Ethnopharmacology Bacterial Infections Therapy Phytotherapy Methods Plants, Medicinal Chemistry Smoke Acetone Administration, Inhalation Bacteria Drug Effects Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Medicine, African Traditional Methanol Microbial Sensitivity Tests Oils, Volatile Administration & Dosage Therapeutic Use Plant Extracts Pharmacology Analysis Solvents South Africa Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet Journal Article
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Drug Discovery Pharmacology

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