NDLI: Local control of skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise: influence of available oxygen

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Casey, Darren P. Joyner, Michael J.
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Casey DP ( Dept. of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. casey.darren@mayo.edu)
Abstract	Reductions in oxygen availability (O(2)) by either reduced arterial O(2) content or reduced perfusion pressure can have profound influences on the circulation, including vasodilation in skeletal muscle vascular beds. The purpose of this review is to put into context the present evidence regarding mechanisms responsible for the local control of blood flow during acute systemic hypoxia and/or local hypoperfusion in contracting muscle. The combination of submaximal exercise and hypoxia produces a 'compensatory' vasodilation and augmented blood flow in contracting muscles relative to the same level of exercise under normoxic conditions. A similar compensatory vasodilation is observed in response to local reductions in oxygen availability (i.e., hypoperfusion) during normoxic exercise. Available evidence suggests that nitric oxide (NO) contributes to the compensatory dilator response under each of these conditions, whereas adenosine appears to only play a role during hypoperfusion. During systemic hypoxia the NO-mediated component of the compensatory vasodilation is regulated through a ß-adrenergic receptor mechanism at low-intensity exercise, while an additional (not yet identified) source of NO is likely to be engaged as exercise intensity increases during hypoxia. Potential candidates for stimulating and/or interacting with NO at higher exercise intensities include prostaglandins and/or ATP. Conversely, prostaglandins do not appear to play a role in the compensatory vasodilation during exercise with hypoperfusion. Taken together, the data for both hypoxia and hypoperfusion suggest NO is important in the compensatory vasodilation seen when oxygen availability is limited. This is important from a basic biological perspective and also has pathophysiological implications for diseases associated with either hypoxia or hypoperfusion.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	87507587
e-ISSN	15221601
DOI	10.1152/japplphysiol.00895.2011
Journal	Journal of Applied Physiology
Issue Number	6
Volume Number	111
Language	English
Publisher	American Physiological Society
Publisher Date	2011-12-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Physiology Physiology Muscle, Skeletal Blood Supply Adenosine Triphosphate Animals Blood Flow Velocity Blood Pressure Hyperemia Physiopathology Anoxia Muscle Contraction Nitric Oxide Oxygen Physical Exertion Sympathetic Nervous System Vasodilation Research Support, N.i.h., Extramural Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Physiology Physiology (medical) Sports Science

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4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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