NDLI: Sex and vasodilator responses to hypoxia at rest and during exercise

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Casey, Darren P. Shepherd, John R. A. Joyner, Michael J.
Description	Author Affiliation: Casey DP ( Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.)
Abstract	In humans, ß-adrenergic receptor activation causes a substantial portion of hypoxic vasodilation in skeletal muscle at rest and during forearm exercise. Recent evidence suggests that ß-adrenergic receptors are either more sensitive or upregulated in young women vs. men. Therefore, we examined whether sex influences hypoxic vasodilation in 31 young subjects (15 women/16 men; 26 ± 1 yr). We also examined whether potential sex-related differences existed in a group of older adults (6 women/5 men; 61 ± 2 yr). All subjects performed forearm exercise at 10 and 20% of maximum under normoxic and hypoxic [80% arterial O2 saturation (So2)] conditions. Forearm vascular conductance (FVC; ml · min(-1) · 100 mmHg(-1)) was calculated from blood flow (ml/min) and blood pressure (mmHg). At rest, young women demonstrated a greater vasodilator response to hypoxia compared with men (39 ± 12 vs. 13 ± 6%, P < 0.05). The absolute compensatory vasodilator response (hypoxic FVC-normoxic FVC) during exercise was similar between sexes, but the relative change was greater in young women at 10% (28 ± 5 vs. 17 ± 3%, P < 0.05) and 20% exercise (29 ± 4% vs. 15 ± 3%, P < 0.01). Additionally, the absolute changes in vasodilation after normalizing the response to forearm volume or workload were greater in young women during exercise (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the compensatory vasodilator responses between older women and men were similar at 10 and 20% exercise, regardless of whether the response is expressed as absolute, relative, or absolute change normalized for forearm volume or workload (P = 0.054-0.97). Our data suggest that the compensatory vasodilator response to hypoxic exercise is greater in young women compared with men. However, sex-specific differences appear to be lost with aging.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	87507587
e-ISSN	15221601
DOI	10.1152/japplphysiol.00409.2013
Journal	Journal of Applied Physiology
Issue Number	7
Volume Number	116
Language	English
Publisher	American Physiological Society
Publisher Date	2014-04-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Physiology Anoxia Physiopathology Muscle Contraction Muscle, Skeletal Blood Supply Vasodilation Adaptation, Physiological Biological Markers Blood Blood Flow Velocity Blood Pressure Epinephrine Forearm Norepinephrine Regional Blood Flow Respiration Retrospective Studies Sex Factors Comparative Study Research Support, N.i.h., Extramural Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Physiology Physiology (medical) Sports Science

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Muscle blood flow, hypoxia, and hypoperfusion.

Skeletal muscle blood flow responses to hypoperfusion at rest and during rhythmic exercise in humans.

Evidence for impaired skeletal muscle contraction-induced rapid vasodilation in aging humans.

Contribution of nitric oxide in the contraction-induced rapid vasodilation in young and older adults.

Rapid onset vasodilatation is blunted in obese humans.

Local control of skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise: influence of available oxygen

Point: exercise training does induce vascular adaptations beyond the active muscle beds.

Counterpoint: exercise training does not induce vascular adaptations beyond the active muscle beds.

Influence of -adrenergic vasoconstriction on the blunted skeletal muscle contraction-induced rapid vasodilation with aging.

Sex and vasodilator responses to hypoxia at rest and during exercise

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