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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Sun, Tian Yin Gottschalk, Fadri Hungerbühler, Konrad Nowack, Bernd |
| Description | Country affiliation: Switzerland Author Affiliation: Sun TY ( Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland); Gottschalk F ( Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland); Hungerbühler K ( Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.); Nowack B ( Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland. Electronic address: nowack@empa.ch.) |
| Abstract | Concerns about the environmental risks of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) are growing, however, currently very little is known about their concentrations in the environment. Here, we calculate the concentrations of five ENM (nano-TiO2, nano-ZnO, nano-Ag, CNT and fullerenes) in environmental and technical compartments using probabilistic material-flow modelling. We apply the newest data on ENM production volumes, their allocation to and subsequent release from different product categories, and their flows into and within those compartments. Further, we compare newly predicted ENM concentrations to estimates from 2009 and to corresponding measured concentrations of their conventional materials, e.g. TiO2, Zn and Ag. We show that the production volume and the compounds' inertness are crucial factors determining final concentrations. ENM production estimates are generally higher than a few years ago. In most cases, the environmental concentrations of corresponding conventional materials are between one and seven orders of magnitude higher than those for ENM. |
| File Format | HTM / HTML |
| ISSN | 02697491 |
| Volume Number | 185 |
| e-ISSN | 18736424 |
| Journal | Environmental Pollution |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Publisher Date | 2014-02-01 |
| Publisher Place | Great Britain (UK) |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Discipline Environmental Discipline Science Environmental Exposure Statistics & Numerical Data Environmental Pollutants Analysis Environmental Pollution Models, Statistical Nanostructures Chemical Engineering Environment Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Pollution Medicine Toxicology |
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