NDLI: Cough and sputum in long COVID are associated with severe acute COVID-19: a Japanese cohort study

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Watase, Mayuko Miyata, Jun Terai, Hideki Sunata, Keeya Matsuyama, Emiko Asakura, Takanori Namkoong, Ho Masaki, Katsunori Yagi, Kazuma Ohgino, Keiko Chubachi, Shotaro Kawada, Ichiro Mochimaru, Takao Satomi, Ryosuke Oyamada, Yoshitaka Kobayashi, Keigo Hirano, Toshiyuki Inoue, Takashi Lee, Ho Sugihara, Kai Omori, Nao Sayama, Koichi Mashimo, Shuko Makino, Yasushi Kaido, Tatsuya Ishii, Makoto Fukunaga, Koichi
Abstract	Background Multiple prolonged symptoms are observed in patients who recover from acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), defined as long COVID. Cough and sputum are presented by patients with long COVID during the acute and post-acute phases. This study aimed to identify specific risk factors for cough and sputum in patients with long COVID. Methods Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 aged 18 years were enrolled in a multicenter cohort study at 26 medical institutions. Clinical data during hospitalization and patient-reported outcomes after discharge were collected from medical records, paper-based questionnaires, and smartphone apps. Results At the 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups, there were no differences in the incidence rates of wet and dry coughs. In contrast, the proportion of patients presenting sputum without coughing increased over time compared to those with sputum and coughing. Univariate analyses of cough and sputum at all follow-up visits identified intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV), smoking, and older age as risk factors for prolonged symptoms. At the 12-month follow-up, persistent cough and sputum were associated with the characteristics of severe COVID-19 based on imaging findings, renal and liver dysfunction, pulmonary thromboembolism, and higher serum levels of LDH, KL-6, and HbA1C. The Kaplan–Meier curves showed that the severity of acute COVID-19 infection was correlated with prolonged cough and sputum production. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that IMV ventilator management were independent risk factors for prolonged cough and sputum at 12 months. Conclusions In a Japanese population with long COVID, prolonged cough and sputum production were closely associated with severe COVID-19. These findings emphasize that a preventive approach including appropriate vaccination and contact precaution and further development of therapeutic drugs for COVID-19 are highly recommended for patients with risk factors for severe infection to avoid persistent respiratory symptoms.
Related Links	https://respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12931-023-02591-3.pdf
Ending Page	10
Page Count	10
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
DOI	10.1186/s12931-023-02591-3
Journal	Respiratory Research
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	24
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2023-11-14
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Pneumology Respiratory System Cough Japanese cohort study Long COVID Severity Sputum Pneumology/Respiratory System
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Journal Impact Factor	4.7/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	5.3/2023

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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