NDLI: The efficacy of socially assistive robots in improving children’s pain and negative affectivity during needle-based invasive treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Pan, Xin-Yun Bi, Xuan-Yi Nong, Yan-Ning Ye, Xu-Chun Yan, Yan Shang, Jing Zhou, Yi-Min Yao, Yu-Zhe
Abstract	Background The ability of socially assistive robots (SARs) to treat dementia and Alzheimer’s disease has been verified. Currently, to increase the range of their application, there is an increasing amount of interest in using SARs to relieve pain and negative emotions among children in routine medical settings. However, there is little consensus regarding the use of these robots. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of SARs on pain and negative affectivity among children undergoing invasive needle-based procedures. Design This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that was conducted in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook guidelines. Methods The PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, and WanFang databases were searched from inception to January 2024 to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We used the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2.0 (RoB2.0) to assess the risk of bias among the included studies, and we used RevMan 5.4 software to conduct the meta-analysis. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was used to assess the quality of the evidence. Results Ten RCTs involving 815 pediatric subjects were selected for this review and reported outcomes related to pain and emotions during IV placement, port needle insertion, flu vaccination, blood sampling, and dental treatment. Children undergoing needle-related procedures with SARs reported less anxiety (SMD= -0.36; 95% CI= -0.64, -0.09) and fewer distressed avoidance behaviors (SMD= -0.67; 95% CI= -1.04, -0.30) than did those receiving typical care. There were nonsignificant differences between these groups in terms of in pain (SMD = -0.02; 95% CI = − 0.81, 0.78) and fear (SMD = 0.38; 95% CI= -0.06, 0.82). The results of exploratory subgroup analyses revealed no statistically significant differences based on the intervention type of robots or anesthetic use. Conclusions The use of SARs is a promising intervention method for alleviating anxiety and distress among children undergoing needle-related procedures. However, additional high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to further validate these conclusions. Trial registration The protocol of this study has been registered in the database PROSPERO (registration ID: CRD42023413279).
Related Links	https://bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12887-024-05116-z.pdf
Ending Page	16
Page Count	16
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	14712431
DOI	10.1186/s12887-024-05116-z
Journal	BMC Pediatrics
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	24
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2024-10-10
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Pediatrics Internal Medicine Acute pain Emotions Meta-analysis Systematic review Robotics
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Journal Impact Factor	2/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	2.4/2023

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
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4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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