NDLI: Starvation can diversify the population structure and virulence strategies of an environmentally transmitting fish pathogen

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Sundberg, Lotta-Riina Kunttu, Heidi M T Valtonen, E Tellervo
Abstract	Background Generalist bacterial pathogens, with the ability for environmental survival and growth, often face variable conditions during their outside-host period. Abiotic factors (such as nutrient deprivation) act as selection pressures for bacterial characteristics, but their effect on virulence is not entirely understood. “Sit and wait” hypothesis expects that long outside-host survival selects for increased virulence, but maintaining virulence in the absence of hosts is generally expected to be costly if active investments are needed. We analysed how long term starvation influences bacterial population structure and virulence of an environmentally transmitting fish pathogen Flavobacterium columnare. Results F. columnare populations in distilled water and in lake water were monitored for 5 months. During the experiment, the population structure of F. columnare diversified by rough and soft colony morphotypes appearing among the ancestral rhizoid ones. After 5 months starvation in lake water, the virulence of the starved and ancestral bacterial isolates was tested. The starved rhizoid isolates had significantly higher virulence than the ancestral rhizoid, whereas the virulence of the rough isolates was low. Conclusions We suggest that F. columnare population diversification is an adaptation to tolerate unpredictable environment, but may also have other biological significance. Maintaining and increasing virulence ensures efficient invasion into the host especially under circumstances when the host density is low or the outside-host period is long. Changing from rhizoid into a rough morphotype has trade-offs in making bacteria less virulent and unable to exploit the host, but may ensure bacterial survival under unpredictable conditions. Our study gives an example how abiotic selection can diversify virulence of environmentally transmitting bacterial pathogen.
Related Links	https://bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2180-14-67.pdf
Ending Page	6
Page Count	6
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	14712180
DOI	10.1186/1471-2180-14-67
Journal	BMC Microbiology
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	14
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2014-03-14
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Microbiology Biological Microscopy Mycology Parasitology Virology Life Sciences Flavobacterium columnare Starvation Trade-off Transmission Virulence
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Microbiology Microbiology (medical)
Journal Impact Factor	4/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	4.6/2023

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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Starvation can diversify the population structure and virulence strategies of an environmentally transmitting fish pathogen

Adaptive response to starvation in the fish pathogen Flavobacterium columnare: cell viability and ultrastructural changes

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Comparing the different morphotypes of a fish pathogen - implications for key virulence factors in Flavobacterium columnare

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Adaptive response to starvation in the fish pathogen Flavobacterium columnare: cell viability and ultrastructural changes

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Starvation can diversify the population structure and virulence strategies of an environmentally transmitting fish pathogen

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Starvation can diversify the population structure and virulence strategies of an environmentally transmitting fish pathogen

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Starvation can diversify the population structure and virulence strategies of an environmentally transmitting fish pathogen